Vocabulary

(失控地)猛冲，疾驰，横冲直撞

"She careened into a new relationship and checked herself into rehab."

一无所知，茫然无知，缺乏基本常识和判断力

"As the show went on into six seasons and Dunham/Horvath became an avatar for the cluelessness of the internet generation..."

冗长，啰嗦， （言语或文章）的过度详细

"He appears puzzled by her behaviour, and then beguiled by the prolixity of her explanation."

不加修饰的，原原本本的，未经过滤的（尤指令人不快的真相或事物）

"Because we saw so much of Dunham’s unvarnished body, we thought we knew it."

辛酸，深刻，令人心碎的力量

"Through her, we saw a young woman’s power, vulnerability, clumsiness, poignancy, publicness, humour, glory."

放宽或减轻那些严格的限制条件。

"In 1999, Steven Lalley, a mathematician at the University of Chicago, attempted to loosen those constraints by seeking a cutoff proof for riffle shuffles that didn’t start with roughly evenly cut decks."

指概率分布中，远离其中心区域的部分以指数级速率衰减的现象。此处指未混合牌的重叠区域消失的速度极快。

"This so-called exponential tail, according to Sellke, gave them an upper bound on the number of shuffles it would take to dissolve the last bits of orderliness in a typical deck."

一个由0和1组成的序列，用于追踪每张牌在每次洗牌中被分配到左堆还是右堆的路径。

"The trio first assigned each card a barcode."

在洗牌过程中，一副牌中那些倾向于保持原始相对顺序不变的连续序列。

"...certain sets of cards — which Lalley called “cold spots” — still retain information about their original locations in the deck."

（情感或赞扬）过分热情洋溢的，溢于言表的。

"Diaconis was effusive about the update to his work. “It’s a fresh idea, and it’s remarkable that something like that would work as effectively as it does,” he said."

似乎无处不在的；非常普遍的。

"And while cutoffs are ubiquitous — they’re expected to occur in “most large, complex systems,” according to Sellke..."

由大量、复杂的排列组合所导致的系统复杂性。

"But mathematical interest in card shuffling goes beyond its combinatorial complexity."

严重低估了某事物的复杂性、价值或重要性。

"To call the humble riffle shuffle “complicated” sells it absurdly short."

一种磁性材料，其中磁矩（自旋）的排列是随机的、相互竞争的，导致一种“受挫”的无序状态。常被用作复杂系统模型。

"...including “spin glasses” in condensed matter physics — are believed to exhibit it."

一种现象，指一个系统（如一副纸牌）在很长一段时间内保持相对有序的状态，然后在某个临界点突然变得完全无序（或混合均匀）。

"This kind of behavior, called a cutoff phenomenon, is of interest beyond cards, and many dynamical systems — including “spin glasses” in condensed matter physics — are believed to exhibit it."

将(两叠东西)交替插入, 交错排列

"...where a player splits a deck of cards into two piles, then uses their thumbs to interleave them back together in a zipperlike motion..."

一种洗牌方式，将一副牌分成两叠，然后用拇指将两叠牌像拉链一样交错叠在一起。

"In 1992, mathematicians famously proved that seven “riffle shuffles” — the kind where a player splits a deck of cards into two piles, then uses their thumbs to interleave them back together in a zipperlike motion — are enough to mix up the deck."

便士的复数形式（英国旧制货币单位，1971前1先令=12便士）

"Through the war, the well-to-do English reader with two pounds, twelve shilling and six pence to spare could follow news from this faraway land across a series of maps."

先令（英国旧制货币单位，1先令=12便士，1971年前使用）

"Through the war, the well-to-do English reader with two pounds, twelve shilling and six pence to spare could follow news from this faraway land across a series of maps."

富有的，富裕的（尤指能享受特权的阶层）

"Through the war, the well-to-do English reader with two pounds, twelve shilling and six pence to spare could follow news from this faraway land across a series of maps."

两镑十二先令六便士（旧制货币，约合今日的购买力约200-300英镑）

"Through the war, the well-to-do English reader with two pounds, twelve shilling and six pence to spare could follow news from this faraway land across a series of maps."

利用（某种局势或兴趣）获利

"The atlas was designed to capitalize on public interest in the 'rebellion,' as King George III would call it in an August 1775 proclamation."

战术性胜利（指局部战斗中的胜利，区别于全局性的战略胜利）

"In editions published in subsequent years, the maps even included descriptions of Britain’s tactical victories, such as at the Battle of Valcour Island in Lake Champlain."

（信息或物品的）宝库、丰富收藏

"Meanwhile, in the colonies, Washington and the Continental Army struggled without the same trove of cartographic knowledge their enemy had collected over the previous decades."

地图学的，制图的

"Meanwhile, in the colonies, Washington and the Continental Army struggled without the same trove of cartographic knowledge their enemy had collected over the previous decades."

（费力或正式地）获取，设法获得

"I have in vain endeavored to procure them, and have been obliged to make shift, with such Sketches, as I could trace from my own Observations and that of the Gentlemen around me."

将就应付，设法凑合用（临时替代方案）

"I have in vain endeavored to procure them, and have been obliged to make shift, with such Sketches, as I could trace from my own Observations and that of the Gentlemen around me."

被迫，不得不（因外部压力或别无选择）

"I have in vain endeavored to procure them, and have been obliged to make shift, with such Sketches, as I could trace from my own Observations and that of the Gentlemen around me."

同僚军官们（18世纪对地位相当人士的尊称，暗含贵族身份）

"I have in vain endeavored to procure them, and have been obliged to make shift, with such Sketches, as I could trace from my own Observations and that of the Gentlemen around me."

徒劳的；无结果的（in vain表示努力未果）

"I have in vain endeavored to procure them, and have been obliged to make shift, with such Sketches, as I could trace from my own Observations and that of the Gentlemen around me."

兴隆的生意，交易活跃

"Scholar Mary Pedley was surprised to discover that the London map firm Jefferys had been associated with before his death in 1771 did brisk trade with French clients in the midst of the Revolution."

存放处，储藏室（尤指官方或机构的资料库）

"The firm regularly sold maps to individuals associated with the Dépôt de la Marine, an official repository of maps for the French Navy, including nautical maps of Boston Harbor sent shortly after the start of the war."

航海图（标注航线、水深、海岸线的专业海图）

"The firm regularly sold maps to individuals associated with the Dépôt de la Marine, an official repository of maps for the French Navy, including nautical maps of Boston Harbor sent shortly after the start of the war."

与……结盟（正式缔结同盟关系）

"In March of 1778—the month France officially allied itself with the United States—French map engravers requested “all the new maps you have published.”"

合成的，复合的（由多个部分拼合而成）

"The map of Pennsylvania is a composite of two created by William Scull, a commissioned officer in the Continental Army and later a member of its Geographer's Department, and Scull's father."

委任军官（由正式委任状授予军衔的军官，区别于士兵晋升的士官）

"The map of Pennsylvania is a composite of two created by William Scull, a commissioned officer in the Continental Army and later a member of its Geographer's Department, and Scull's father."

周边地区，近郊（某地周围的乡村或城镇区域）

"And the map of “the most inhabited part of Virginia” and its environs—the first created of the region by the new Virginians—was produced by Fry and one Peter Jefferson."

提升至领导职位（尤指因前任死亡或晋升）

"Joshua Fry, colonel of the Virginia regiment, whose death in 1754 elevated his second-in-command, George Washington to the leadership role."

自学者，无师自通者

"– this autodidact orphan who had apprenticed as a shoemaker, run away as a teenager to work in the kitchens of a Volga steamer..."

（封面）带有斑驳的、深浅不一的颜色斑点或花纹的

"It had a mottled green cover, it was maybe seventy pages long, and I read it in one amazed hour."

回忆录，追忆文章（指对过去人物和事件的正式、文学化的回忆）

"The book was Maxim Gorky’s Reminiscences of Leo Nicolayevitch Tolstoi, from 1920."

（言语）粗俗的，下流的，带有咸湿意味的

"...but at the end of the sentence he used a salty peasant turn of phrase."

（此处指）精彩的对话交锋，（智力或情感上的）争论与碰撞

"One of the greatest extended cross-talks Gorky records is a strange conversation in which Tolstoy remembers seeing a drunk woman lying in the gutter..."

对真相一丝不苟的人，极讲求真实的人

""...And he is a stickler for the truth!""

矛盾修辞法，逆喻（如“苦涩的甜蜜”或此处“社会主义现实主义”）

"...a decade later, when Gorky would be wooed back to Moscow by Stalin to champion that oxymoron, socialist realism."

（思想、论述、风格的）一个组成部分、一条线索。

"But the new strand of thought gained ideological prominence with Édouard Drumont’s bestselling La France juive (1886)."