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极其严重的；令人痛苦的
"The political world in which he flourished was a self-consciously masculine one; to be accused of acting like a woman was, for a Roman man, a grievous insult."
有意识地；自觉地（强调对自身状态的高度觉知）
"The political world in which he flourished was a self-consciously masculine one; to be accused of acting like a woman was, for a Roman man, a grievous insult."
（思想或文本中的）倾向、脉络、基调
"Yet in Cicero's writing we can find other strains too."
锻造；打造（尤指在艰难环境中塑造某物）
"Here was a model of manliness forged on the battlefield."
自我实现；充分发挥自身潜能
"And yet perhaps another sphere of activity might offer scope for a new kind of self-actualisation, a new way for a man of Cicero's extraordinary talents to win fame through service to the state and his fellow Romans."
同源的（语言学中指源自同一词根的词）
"The word virtus, a term cognate with the Roman vir (meaning man as opposed to woman), clearly means 'courage in war' when it is first recorded in the mid-5th century BCE."
沉浸于；深陷于（此处带贬义，暗示'沉溺其中、无暇他顾'）
"The Roman Empire, in their view, offers men today an inspirational example of power, hierarchy and achievement, which is why men think about it so much – unlike women, who are too immersed in their feelings…"
（在一道菜中）融入、包含——指把某成分整合进整体
"The dish, kway teow pad Thai, meaning Thai-style stir-fried noodles and often shortened to “pad Thai,” incorporates the three flavors considered central to Thai cuisine—salty, sour, and sweet—as well as a fourth flavor, “spicy.”"
现象——此处指一道菜演变为广泛社会文化潮流这一『现象级』事物
"It was Thailand’s authoritarian mid-twentieth-century prime minister, Plaek Phibunsongkhram, usually known as Phibun in English, who created the pad Thai phenomenon."
从质感/口感上来说——指从食物的质地层面加以考量
"Texturally, the slight crunch of bean sprouts and peanuts complements the soft noodles and chewy shrimp."
（街头）小贩、摊贩——指在流动摊位出售食物或商品的人
"The government shared a simple recipe for pad Thai with the public and encouraged vendors to set up shop using wheeled carts equipped with new and easily cleaned cooking tools so that the dish could be made to order."
现点现做的、按订单定制的——指顾客点单后才现场制作
"The government shared a simple recipe for pad Thai with the public and encouraged vendors to set up shop using wheeled carts equipped with new and easily cleaned cooking tools so that the dish could be made to order."
开业、摆摊设点——指在某处开始经营生意
"The government shared a simple recipe for pad Thai with the public and encouraged vendors to set up shop using wheeled carts equipped with new and easily cleaned cooking tools so that the dish could be made to order."
公关攻势——指为塑造国家形象而展开的对外宣传推广行动
"Later, as part of an international public relations push, the Thai government supported the introduction of Thai restaurants in other countries, resulting in nearly 12,000 Thai spots in operation worldwide by 2007."
带有民族主义色彩的——此处指刻意服务于国家建构、强化民族认同的政治意图
"But as food writer and critic Alexandra Greeley writes, it started out as a deliberately nationalistic dish."
（风味上）平易近人、易于接受的——指味道不刺激、大众容易接受
"Pad Thai is among the most popular offerings at Thai restaurants all over the world, thanks to its distinctive yet approachable sweet-sour-savory flavor profile."
标志性的、被奉为文化符号的——指某物成为某一文化/国家的代表性象征
"Greeley notes that it’s a bit of an odd choice for an iconic Thai food, since its cooking technique—stir-frying—and main ingredient—noodles—come from China."
威权的、专制的——指以强权自上而下推行政策、压制异见的统治方式
"It was Thailand’s authoritarian mid-twentieth-century prime minister, Plaek Phibunsongkhram, usually known as Phibun in English, who created the pad Thai phenomenon."
（黑格尔辩证法术语）扬弃——既否定又保留并提升到更高层次
"his capacious, dialectical vision of intellectual life inspired him to create a programme that could sublate, without chafing contradictions, an exceptionally wide range of intellectual interests"
外在的、非本质的；此处指文本之外的（作者生平、历史背景等）权威依据
"Extensive footnotes and long lists of sources came to signify a commitment to 'extrinsic' authority."
（尤指政治原因的）流亡者、侨民学者
"another European émigré, Leo Spitzer"
文体学——以语言学方法研究文学作品语言风格的学科
"whose theory of stylistics was based on solid philological foundations"
（拉丁语）'我戴着面具前行'——暗示文本表面之下另有隐义
"This is Barthes’s larvatus prodeo, ‘I advance masked,’ or ‘I advance pointing to my mask,’"
（贬义）实证主义的——此处指迷信事实累积、忽视理论阐释的治学态度
"should rely on a close, formalist reading of 'the text itself', as opposed to getting lost in a positivistic accumulation of learning"
学术装置——指脚注、参考文献、书目等支撑学术论证的辅助系统
"The first thing that struck me when I picked up the Sartre book was the almost complete absence of scholarly apparatus."
作为、以……的身份/角度而言
"But I don’t believe that language qua language either hides or reveals anything."
语文学的——涉及文本校勘、语言历史考证的
"whose theory of stylistics was based on solid philological foundations"
试金石、衡量标准；此处指始终如一的参照坐标
"Even if it wasn’t always apparent, Sartre remained a touchstone for Fred."
对立面、截然相反的人或事物
"He was the very antithesis of the intellectual type I think of as an empty theoriser"
空头理论家——只会空泛推论而无扎实文本/材料功底的人
"He was the very antithesis of the intellectual type I think of as an empty theoriser"
认识论——研究知识之本质、来源与限度的哲学分支
"Ideas of hiding and disclosing place ‘language as such’ under the sign of epistemology"
（文句）筋腱强健的、柔韧有力的
"Here already, in Fred’s mid-twenties, is the Jamesonian sentence in full bloom: sinuous, capacious and strikingly self-assured."
（正式的）命令、训令；此处指三条思想箴言式的'律令'
"Finally, the third injunction: 'Know your archive!'"
（事物的）另一面、反面（常指不那么明显或负面的一面）
"The commitment to finding the undecidable is the flipside of the commitment to wanting to decide."
令人眼花缭乱的、令人眩晕的（形容变化或复杂度之高）
"Fred exhibits an almost dizzying capacity to rethink form as content and content as form"
元评论——对评论本身的评论，即对阐释活动之预设与机制的反身性分析
"The second idea could be summarised as 'Always theorise!', or perhaps 'Always engage in metacommentary!'"
无定形的、难以归类的；此处指'小说'这一体裁边界模糊
"the question of how to historicise that most amorphous of genres, the novel"
（指方法）既包容量大又灵活可变的
"as his understanding of dialectics was capacious and flexible"
固执错误的、方向性错误的（想法或做法）
"it takes extreme mental agility to find the words to describe the conditions of possibility for our original wrongheaded impulse"
（维特根斯坦术语）明察的呈现——把语法规则摆出来，让人一目了然
"usually translated as 'perspicuous representation'"
论战性的、争论式的
"Fred may have been a controversial writer, but he was never polemical."
无法解开的纠缠、乱麻
"which throws everything in an inextricable tangle one floor higher"
（摩擦）引起不适的、令人恼火的；此处指'相互摩擦的'矛盾
"a programme that could sublate, without chafing contradictions, an exceptionally wide range of intellectual interests"
母校（指自己曾就读的大学）；此文中指作者获得博士学位的卑尔根大学
"I published some books and finally got a job, at my alma mater."
（城市或机构的）低迷期、萧条停滞的岁月
"Although downtown Durham was then in its doldrum years, intellectual life at Duke was exhilarating."
即将……；濒临……的边缘（此处指杜克大学即将成为人文学科最炙手可热的目的地）
"Theory was flourishing, and Duke was on the verge of becoming the hottest destination in the humanities."
试运行、试用期；此文中指作者到杜克大学的访问任教实际上是'招聘考察'
"my visit had been a trial run, my talk at the conference a job talk"
独一无二的、自成一体、无法归类的
"Fred was Fred, sui generis, and his capacious, dialectical vision of intellectual life inspired him to create a programme that could sublate, without chafing contradictions, an exceptionally wide range of intellectual interests."
（心胸、视野、容量）宽广的、能容纳很多的
"his capacious, dialectical vision of intellectual life"
（关系）友好而客气的，但未必亲密的
"We were cordial colleagues, but not friends."