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执着于每件事，不肯释怀或放弃任何细节
"Famous for his cranky narrators and long sentences, Thomas Bernhard is a genius at writing obsessive narrators: misanthropes who will never let anything go."
深深地刻在脸上（比喻岁月的痕迹或情感的代价以可见的方式显现）
"As she poignantly observes, “You take nothing for granted when the price of it is etched across the face of the person you love the most, when you are born into a series of debts and know you will never be up to the cost of the loan.”"
真诚而认真的，诚挚的（不带玩笑或讽刺意味）
"As the guiding consciousness of a narrative, the first-person voice is a remarkably flexible instrument: narrators range from the selfless to the self-absorbed, from the avoidant to the obsessive, from the wisecracking to the earnest."
永远无法偿还贷款的高昂代价（比喻永远无法回报他人的付出）
"As she poignantly observes, “You take nothing for granted when the price of it is etched across the face of the person you love the most, when you are born into a series of debts and know you will never be up to the cost of the loan.”"
刺激、驱使（某人采取行动），促进
"In “Hungry Ricky Daddy,” the narrator tells the story of his friend Ricky Daddy and his love for activist Nabeela, and how falling in love spurs the friend to begin a hunger strike."
只关注自身事务或感受的，自私自利的
"As the guiding consciousness of a narrative, the first-person voice is a remarkably flexible instrument: narrators range from the selfless to the self-absorbed, from the avoidant to the obsessive, from the wisecracking to the earnest."
以某人的视角或感知来呈现或传达（信息、故事等）
"When a work of fiction is written in the first person, the story is filtered through the perspective of a single character speaking in the voice of “I,” describing events as they experience them."
不幸的冒险经历，倒霉的遭遇
"With humor and charm, the narrator recounts Ricky Daddy’s misadventures in love, until the narrative begins to shift in ways that cast the story in a different light."
叙述中起主导和引导作用的意识主体，即叙事视角的掌控者
"As the guiding consciousness of a narrative, the first-person voice is a remarkably flexible instrument: narrators range from the selfless to the self-absorbed, from the avoidant to the obsessive, from the wisecracking to the earnest."
自我鞭挞、自我批判（极其严厉的精神攻击）
"Monk offers stunning moments of self-insight, or, more often, self-laceration: “I was a man at odds with his surroundings."
爱说俏皮话的，喜欢插科打诨的
"As the guiding consciousness of a narrative, the first-person voice is a remarkably flexible instrument: narrators range from the selfless to the self-absorbed, from the avoidant to the obsessive, from the wisecracking to the earnest."
（在法庭上）作证，提供证词
"In this story, the narrator is supposed to testify that he saw a murderer on a train but instead spends his time railing against the landscape, the train, his fellow passengers, and ultimately, the problems of existence."
（心理上）倾向于逃避的，回避型的
"As the guiding consciousness of a narrative, the first-person voice is a remarkably flexible instrument: narrators range from the selfless to the self-absorbed, from the avoidant to the obsessive, from the wisecracking to the earnest."
与...不协调、与...有冲突、与...格格不入
"Monk offers stunning moments of self-insight, or, more often, self-laceration: “I was a man at odds with his surroundings."
深切渴望，强烈思念
"But a narrator who wants to disappear is still the narrator of his own story, and the story shows us that the chauffeur might yearn for something after all, to deal the cards instead of taking the hand he’s dealt."
毫不起眼的存在，不引人注意的在场
"In Catherine Niu’s “Chauffeur,” a driver reflects on his childhood, his luck at cards, and the quiet rules of his profession, taking pride in himself as a nondescript presence who tends to disappear in rooms."
在人群中或社交场合中容易被忽视，仿佛不存在一样
"In Catherine Niu’s “Chauffeur,” a driver reflects on his childhood, his luck at cards, and the quiet rules of his profession, taking pride in himself as a nondescript presence who tends to disappear in rooms."
极其清晰的、锐利的洞察力或明晰度
"The pleasure of the story lies in the piercing clarity of Monk’s observations—about Philadelphia, about choosing the right cheesesteak, and about whether it’s possible to start over with a clean slate."
白纸一张、全新的开始（从零开始，不背负过去）
"The pleasure of the story lies in the piercing clarity of Monk’s observations—about Philadelphia, about choosing the right cheesesteak, and about whether it’s possible to start over with a clean slate."
环境，生态系统（指观念、制度相互依存的状态）
"With this more muscular conception in mind, liberals should feel empowered to attend to the ecology of liberalism directly."
傲慢，自大（尤其指因过度自信而招致毁灭）
"but the post-liberals have a fundamental hubris—a belief that the forms of human flourishing are known"
僵化成一个固定模式/样板
"That is how an orientation hardens into a template."
公开谴责，强烈批评
"Protecting formal freedoms while neglecting the enabling conditions for development produces the hollowness that the post-liberals are correct to decry."
强健的，强有力的（指意识形态或政策，非指身体）
"a more muscular liberalism may be called for—one that speaks up and claims what it is"
直率地，坦诚地
"a more muscular liberalism may be called for—one that speaks up and claims what it is, or at the very least forthrightly articulates its vision"
明确有力地表达（观点、感受）
"Liberals can articulate their values without trampling on rights."
（因缺乏发展条件而）萎靡不振，失去活力
"Without those conditions being met, people, even in conditions of material comfort, languish."
维度，坐标轴（指分析或发展的维度）
"The dimensions-and-forms distinction identifies the axes along which human lives develop or fail to develop."
有迷惑性的，看似诱人实则不然的
"That beguiling silence takes one only so far, however."
既定的，已有的（指知识或利益）
"That vested knowledge is at least some sort of a guide."
践踏，侵犯（尤指权利）
"Liberals can articulate their values without trampling on rights."
战友，袍泽（引申义：为共同目标而奋斗的同志）
"Comrades in Art: Artists against Fascism 1933-43 by Andy Friend."
自以为无所不知的人，万事通（常带贬义）
"On Pedantry: A Cultural History of the Know-It-All by Arnoud S.Q. Visser."
（政治上的）任命权，恩惠的授予；赞助，资助（尤其指贵族对艺术家、学者的支持）
"Later Stuart Queens, 1660-1735: Religion, Political Culture and Patronage edited by Eilish Gregory and Michael C. Questier."
（英国君主或其配偶的）私用金，内帑
"The Material World of a Restoration Queen Consort: The Privy Purse Accounts of Catherine of Braganza edited by Maria Hayward."
迂腐，卖弄学问；吹毛求疵
"On Pedantry: A Cultural History of the Know-It-All by Arnoud S.Q. Visser."
詹姆斯党主义（指1688年光荣革命后，支持流亡的斯图亚特王室后裔詹姆斯二世及其后代复辟英国王位的政治运动）
"Conflict and Loyalty: Jacobitism in Europe and Beyond by Allan I. MacInnes."
成核，指在一个系统中形成新相（如气泡、晶体）的初始、微观核心的过程
"At Drexel, the researchers found that once a crack nucleates inside a simple fluid, it propagates extremely fast, precisely because the fluid is not elastic."
灾难性地、毁灭性地，在此指裂纹以极快、不可控制且造成彻底破坏的方式扩展
"At that point, the crack grows catastrophically, rapidly breaking the solid apart."
传播、扩展，在本文中特指裂纹在材料内部向前延伸和扩散的过程
"At Drexel, the researchers found that once a crack nucleates inside a simple fluid, it propagates extremely fast, precisely because the fluid is not elastic."
一次性事件，偶发事件
"Lima stretched the liquid again and again to prove that the unexpected crack wasn’t a one-off."
（在此语境下）断裂、开裂，指液体像固体一样发生分离或破裂
"But the crack came from the fluid that the machine was pulling: a gooey, black blend of hydrogen and carbon. Instead of stretching, the fluid had fractured."
拉伸流变学，研究材料在拉伸或延展力作用下流动和变形行为的学科分支
"Using a method called extensional rheology, Lima stretches liquids between metal plates to find the force that makes them flow."
科技小子。一种带有贬义或轻蔑的口语称呼，指代科技行业中那些傲慢、缺乏社交意识、过度自信或持有精英主义态度的年轻男性从业者。
"Rare among the tech bro crowd, he has been both the cofounder of Google Brain and chief scientist at Baidu, China’s largest technology company, which accounts for 70% of total search traffic."
吉利的，有利的。特指时机恰到好处，能带来成功或积极结果的。
"It is at this moment — when each side can see the convergent interest in adopting common guardrails — that is the most propitious time to act."
迅速发展的，急速增长的。形容事物正在快速成长、扩大或变得重要。
"As during the late Cold War period when the burgeoning size of nuclear arsenals threatened survival on the planet if ever used..."
适应性强的，可调整的。指模型容易根据不同的本地需求、文化或技术环境进行修改和部署。
"...while the most open society, America, is producing mostly closed-source proprietary models that are less adaptable for the rest of the world, and far more expensive."
自相矛盾的事物或情况。指中国（封闭社会）与美国（开放社会）在AI模型开源/闭源策略上的出人意料的对立。
"It is a paradox that a closed society like China is conquering the world with open-source AI models while the most open society, America, is producing mostly closed-source proprietary models that are less adaptable for the rest of the world, and far more expensive."
趋同的，收敛的。指不同的角度、观点或发展趋势最终向同一个点或同一个方向汇聚、靠拢。
"It is at this moment — when each side can see the convergent interest in adopting common guardrails — that is the most propitious time to act."