Vocabulary

（此处为插入语核对词，原文未用；'bracket' 常见义为'括号/类别'）

"（原文以 [1] 等方括号形式出现，非词汇使用）"

（分期制作的）一批、一期（此处指英式情景喜剧按每批6–8集制作）

"The first is that in the UK sitcoms are, and always have been, made in 6-8 episode tranches"

一周又一周、周复一周地（强调持续不断、无间断）

"even Brits couldn't stand it week in, week out for most of a year, let alone daily"

不可爱的、令人无法喜欢的

"Kramer is (a stupider and unloveable version of) Sid."

（电视节目的）辛迪加发行、联合播映（向多家地方台出售重播权）

"The aim for the US was to get a show into syndication, which required 80-100 episodes"

讨人厌的、招人烦的（粗俗口语，含'混蛋气'之意）

"It's notable that despite his generally arse-y public persona, Gervais's subsequent characters are all quite a bit softer and more human than Brent"

民间集体记忆（一个群体口耳相传、代代保留的共同记忆）

"I find it hard to imagine any world in which monstrousness rather than complete lack of any folk memory of a home defense force would be the cause of the failure"

（随年龄增长而）变得温和、圆熟、不再尖锐

"Speight, I suspect, is the one person who could have written monsters forever, but maybe even he would have mellowed with age."

（人物性格上的）怪诞可憎、极端恶劣

"I find it hard to imagine any world in which monstrousness rather than complete lack of any folk memory of a home defense force would be the cause of the failure"

（节目、作品的）移植、改编（从一种文化/媒介转换到另一种）

"Gina asked me if there are any examples of sitcoms that have failed in transposition to the US because their writers determinedly kept the monstrousness in."

沙文主义者；盲目偏袒本国/本群体者（此处指'英国至上'的偏狭拥护者）

"I don't know why I'm feeling defensive about this but, despite appearing to be a thoroughgoing English chauvinist, I love and have watched all or most episodes of many American sitcoms"

编剧室（美式电视制作中多位编剧集体创作剧本的工作机制/场所）

"I'd love to hear from people with experience in writers' rooms about whether this is accurate."

（比喻）厚颜无耻、放肆无礼（此处用于 'Ironically given...'，非本词条目）

"Frances De La Tour is brilliant, and, ironically given her role in Rising Damp, somewhat monstrous, in Big School"

（用讽刺）辛辣地抨击、刺穿（此处指以喜剧方式尖锐讽刺某种态度）

"One of them did write for Mind Your Language, which is almost as notorious as Love Thy Neighbour despite, I gather, also intending to skewer rather than promote the attitudes displayed."

彻头彻尾的、彻底的（此处指不加掩饰、不折不扣的）

"the few minutes of (the only episode of) The Rear Guard that I have seen seem to depend on a startlingly thoroughgoing sexism"

更不用说、遑论（用于否定句后，引出更不可能的情况）

"even Brits couldn't stand it week in, week out for most of a year, let alone daily"

完全地、彻底地（用于强调负面特质的极致）

"Albert Steptoe, is – utterly selfish, wantonly cruel to his trapped son Harold"

沙文主义、盲目本位主义（与 'chauvinist' 相应，指对本群体的盲目偏袒）

"despite appearing to be a thoroughgoing English chauvinist"

恣意地、肆无忌惮地（此处指冷酷得毫无缘由、毫无节制）

"Although Hancock is not, himself, quite a monster, the character Galton and Simpson went onto create, Albert Steptoe, is – utterly selfish, wantonly cruel to his trapped son Harold"

充满（焦虑、危险、紧张等）的；伴随着……的

"In the early 21st century, masculinity is contested and fraught with anxiety; influencers offer models of manliness involving fast cars, sexual conquests, and building up muscle."

毫无问题地；顺理成章地（暗含'这种想法本身有问题'的反讽意味）

"Before the rise of feminism, they suggest, in some supposed Golden Age, everyone had a shared sense of what it meant to be a man – and being a man was unproblematically good."

沉浸于；深陷于（此处带贬义，暗示'沉溺其中、无暇他顾'）

"The Roman Empire, in their view, offers men today an inspirational example of power, hierarchy and achievement, which is why men think about it so much – unlike women, who are too immersed in their feelings…"

道德上可疑的；暧昧不清的（暗示并非明确邪恶，但难以正当化）

"The theatre had morally dubious associations; actors were often branded effeminate."

刺耳的；嘈杂的；声音不和谐的

"In the cacophonous world of the Roman republic, politicians, advocates and those aspiring to a public role exchanged no-holds-barred insults."

卑劣的；不体面的；有失尊严的

"The author advises, for instance, against any sharp exclamation that 'injures the voice and likewise jars the hearer, for it has about it something ignoble, suited rather to feminine outcry than to manly dignity in speaking.'"

（艺术家、政治人物等的）最后作品、告别之作、临终绝唱

"It is notable that in his swansong Cicero does his utmost to paint Antony as a man of 'unmanly' sexual habits, addicted to pleasure and with no sense of masculine moderation."

毫无约束的；不择手段的；全无禁忌的

"In the cacophonous world of the Roman republic, politicians, advocates and those aspiring to a public role exchanged no-holds-barred insults."

对……进行诽谤；诋毁；含沙射影地贬损

"Often, they cast aspersions on one another's masculinity, with disparaging comments on an opponent's way of speaking, his gestures, the way he wore his toga – as well as his sexual behaviour."

贬低；诋毁；使显得低劣

"The Asian style was regularly denigrated as 'effeminate'."

纨绔的；花花公子般的（含贬义，暗指过分讲究穿着而显得女性化）

"The toga, for instance, must be correctly draped; he notes a little later, 'throwing back the fold from its bottom onto the right shoulder is foppish and effeminate'."

锻造；打造（尤指在艰难环境中塑造某物）

"Here was a model of manliness forged on the battlefield."

同源的（语言学中指源自同一词根的词）

"The word virtus, a term cognate with the Roman vir (meaning man as opposed to woman), clearly means 'courage in war' when it is first recorded in the mid-5th century BCE."

卓越的；超群的；首屈一指的

"The historian Sallust, writing in the 40s BCE, praises earlier generations of Romans for their pre-eminent manliness in war: 'whenever their virtus repelled dangers, they rendered aid to their allies and friends.'"

笨重的；累赘的；不便的

"This was the moment when he first put on the toga of manhood, a cumbersome length of woollen fabric worn by Roman citizen men, a garment associated with civilian as opposed to military life."

不间断的；毫不放松的；严苛的（此处指持续不断的审视压力）

"Markers of manliness in this sphere were subject to relentless public scrutiny."

纨绔的；衣着举止过分修饰而显得矫揉的（含性别贬抑）

"The toga, for instance, must be correctly draped; he notes a little later, 'throwing back the fold from its bottom onto the right shoulder is foppish and effeminate'."

怒斥；猛烈抨击；严词谴责

"Cicero dredged up a story from years previously alleging Antony had had a homosexual affair with another Roman elite man, Curio, a relationship in which Antony willingly played a 'passive' role: 'No slave boy bought to satisfy lust was ever so completely in his master's power as you were in Curio's,' he fulminated."

华丽夺目的；光彩照人的

"As the later expert on oratory Quintilian put it, the orator's dress needs to be 'resplendent and manly: for when it comes to one's toga and shoes and hair, excessive care as well as negligence are equally blameable'."

自我实现；充分发挥自身潜能

"And yet perhaps another sphere of activity might offer scope for a new kind of self-actualisation, a new way for a man of Cicero's extraordinary talents to win fame through service to the state and his fellow Romans."

对……的证明；……的明证

"Cicero's life and thought are a testament to the idea of probabilia: we should be confident in our beliefs, but never certain."

有意识地；自觉地（强调对自身状态的高度觉知）

"The political world in which he flourished was a self-consciously masculine one; to be accused of acting like a woman was, for a Roman man, a grievous insult."

反传统的；打破偶像/成见的；挑战权威观念的

"The iconoclastic French historian Paul Veyne illuminated the past by showing how deeply alien it is to the present."

（费力地）夺取；努力获得（此处指从逆境中'抠出'幸福）

"As legions of warriors and prisoners can attest, Stoicism is not grim resolve but a way to wrest happiness from adversity."

（尤指英国人）遇事不动声色、强作镇静的态度

"Should he have adopted a Stoic stiff upper lip, perhaps?"

（思想、理论、艺术的）倡导者、阐释者、代表人物

"Cicero, most eloquent exponent of Roman republican values, struggled to articulate his profound political disappointment."

理清；解开（纠缠之物）；区分（难以分辨的事物）

"It is impossible to disentangle Cicero's devastation at the loss of his daughter from his feelings of loss at the drastic transformation of Rome's political landscape."