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为短暂的中断期提供过渡方案；在短时间的中断期间起到连接/缓冲作用。
"More importantly, stockpiles are designed to bridge brief disruptions, not to sustain prolonged or synchronized surges in demand."
被迅速描绘/描述。
"Many analysts now describe China as a peaking or post-peak power facing demographic decline, economic slowdown, and internal structural challenges. (Note: 'describe' is used, but 'depict' is a related high-level term from the same semantic field; the text uses 'describe' which is slightly less charged.)"
（使）弯曲，使改变；此处引申为‘赋予…独特性’或‘为…增添（个人）色彩’
"He ironed out the imperfections that inflect a lover’s face with individuality to align with his ideal"
被高度赞扬的，被尊崇的；地位极高的，高贵的
"But dirty as artists may be, Picasso also exalted them."
（文学、艺术或现实中）令人产生同情、怜悯或悲伤的特质；哀婉动人的力量
"He was the richest and most famous artist in the world during his lifetime, and if the riveting, grotesque pathos of his prints is any indication, he remains a strong contender for the greatest of all time."
日常的，平凡的，司空见惯的
"They are smaller and more quotidian than his works on canvas—less monumental, less committal—and often devoted to trying out ideas before solidifying them in oil."
（道德或法律上的）违规行为，过失，罪过
"An exhibition I attended at the Cleveland Museum of Art in 2025 titled Picasso and Paper hardly acknowledged any of his transgressions"
秃鹫一样的；贪婪的，掠夺成性的
"The wall texts and catalog treated Picasso’s vulturine sketches in a matter-of-fact manner"
使（身心）虚弱的，严重削弱的
"one suffered a debilitating psychological breakdown, and others had any number of problems that fell short of those extreme fates."
（某位艺术家、作家等毕生的）全部作品
"But Gilot’s account only fills in the details of a general arc of misogyny that one can easily glean from his biography and oeuvre."
专横的，暴虐的，以专断或压迫方式行使权力的
"He was a tyrannical romantic partner: two of his lovers committed suicide, one suffered a debilitating psychological breakdown, and others had any number of problems that fell short of those extreme fates."
对女性的厌恶、蔑视或根深蒂固的偏见
"But Gilot’s account only fills in the details of a general arc of misogyny that one can easily glean from his biography and oeuvre."
百无聊赖地打发时光；因炎热、疲惫或缺乏活力而懒散度日。
"I quickly realized it was best to go up there only to sleep (or to attempt an uneasy approximation of sleep) and so I spent most afternoons languishing on the first floor, reading with a sheet thrown over the faux-leather sofa so my skin wouldn’t stick."
一意孤行的；不顾一切地执意要做某事。
"I no longer remember why I was so hell-bent on sticking to this meager budget—my parents would have helped me out if I’d wanted to find a nicer place—but I suppose I wanted to assert my independence by making my own decisions, even if they were stupid."
考虑不周的困境；因判断失误而陷入的棘手处境。
"I recommend avoiding as best you can the sort of ill-advised predicament I found myself in thanks to a heat wave that had descended on Boston."
自传体小说的；融合了自传与虚构元素的叙事体裁。
"The technique is used here to highlight, play with, and contribute to Dávila’s own footnotes regarding unreliable facts within the autofictional narrative."
元评论；对评论本身的评论。在此语境中指，译者直接在译文文本中加入的、关于其翻译过程、方法或对原文某些细节存疑的说明性文字。
"Translator’s Note: This piece uses the medieval-period translation technique of inserting metacommentary directly into the text when a detail is dubious or has no verifiably accurate translation."
被一种病态、不健康的强烈好奇心所笼罩/支配。
"It didn’t matter whether the animals at Savenor’s had been killed there or had arrived as corpses or steaks; the place had something sinister, transfixing about it, and I was prey to morbid fascination."
空缺；漏洞。在该语境下指故事或记忆中信息的缺失。
"Overcorrecting the erosion of time with its own inventions, the mind fills in the lacunae of a story until we no longer know for certain..."
（地区）绅士化的；经过中产阶级化改造的，即较富裕的人群迁入，使原本破败的社区变得高档，但往往也导致原居民被排挤。
"The neighborhood has gentrified and so has Savenor’s: they bought the adjacent building and converted it into an open-air café where bikes are parked next to a chalkboard announcing the latte of the day."
邻接点；交界处。在此语境中指，商店（Savenor's）恰好位于两个地区（Cambridge 和 Somerville）相邻的边界上。
"The website for Savenor’s Butchery appeared, with five stars on Tripadvisor and a narrative about its life in that unlikely abutment between Cambridge and Somerville."
（记忆、叙述或知识体系中的）空白；缺漏。这是 'lacuna' 的复数形式。
"Overcorrecting the erosion of time with its own inventions, the mind fills in the lacunae of a story until we no longer know for certain if, for example, the sofa on the first floor where I used to read was faux leather or real, if I actually could hear the scrape of the meat slicer or see the butcher pushing a foot into a meat grinder, if the cashier at the Foodmaster was a boy."
复杂难懂的；迂回曲折的。在此形容路线的蜿蜒复杂。
"As I was paying at the register for my anxious grapes, I thought, with more than a little apprehension, about how I had to go back, this time in the complete night, the same long and convoluted way I’d come."
一种矛盾的、令人不安的情绪状态：在刺眼的、不自然的明亮光线（如荧光灯）下，感受到阴森恐怖的氛围。
"Maybe it was the combination of exhaustion and my exaggerated imagination, but even the Foodmaster supermarket (in the end it was, as the butcher directed me, only three blocks away), with its aisles of placid grains, took on the tone of my nocturnal excursion, and my mood turned fluorescently macabre."
黑暗的；阴沉的；阴郁的。在此语境中指，昏暗的光线让一切都看起来阴森可怖。
"Maybe it was the combination of exhaustion and my exaggerated imagination, but even the Foodmaster supermarket (in the end it was, as the butcher directed me, only three blocks away), with its aisles of placid grains, took on the tone of my nocturnal excursion, and my mood turned fluorescently macabre. Or probably it was the effect of the neighborhood, which had become worse over the final two blocks."
蛋白石般的；具有乳白色的、半透明的、闪烁多种色彩的特质。
"There is something alluring in what lies behind the cool glass of butcher shops and fishmongers, the juxtaposition, almost sensual, of death and freshness: opaline fish with precise eyes resting on ice; slices of red meat, bright and firm, stacked one on top of another; marbled trails of fat and muscle; ribs fanning out in a neat line."
短暂的；转瞬即逝的；过渡性的。
"We could say they were transitory people, or people forced into transitory circumstances."
（在特定条件下）投降，屈服；文中指一国在根本原则上向另一方彻底让步。
"The goals of both sides, their very reason for existence, oppose each other and cannot be reconciled unless one capitulates to the other."
（法语借词）存在的理由；一个组织、机构或个人最根本的存在价值或目的。
"Iran has to give up its raison d’être, or the United States has to give up its entire influence in the world."
耐心等待时机；不急于行动，潜伏以待合适机会。
"The Trump administration is biding its time. Having imposed a half-hearted blockade on Iranian ports, the United States is hoping to wear out Iran to the point where it will give up resistance."
以某人为榜样，效仿其做法，尤其是成功的策略。
"Iran has seemingly taken a leaf out of Russia’s book and is pretending to negotiate in the hopes of reaching the November midterms intact without having to give up anything valuable."
巧妙回避（问题或困难）；像滑冰一样轻巧地绕过障碍，而不直接面对。
"It can skate around the rest, swallow its pride, sell another bridge if it must. But it cannot sell a closed Strait of Hormuz and Iran’s having a nuclear programme."
彻头彻尾的灾难；毫无缓和、减轻迹象的彻底失败。
"Trump presumably understands that he will have to pay for the unmitigated disaster he has unleashed."
至高无上的荣誉/成就；某事中最精彩、最引人瞩目的部分（略带讽刺意味）。
"the rest of the wishlist, meanwhile, ... the crowning glory—reparations paid by the United States—have not been shot down by Washington."
（行动的）暂停，延缓；尤指一项有期限的、正式的活动冻结期。
"the Trump administration has climbed down from permanent dismantlement to a temporary moratorium—with the duration still contested, Iran proposing five years and the United States demanding twenty."
（在此语境下）作为...的基础，为...提供支持或背书；并非指金融上的承保，而是指原则/理念构成了法律的根基。
"These are the principles that literally underwrite their constitution—much as the Declaration of Independence underwrites America’s."
套话式地，公式化地；文中 'rhetorical flourishes' 与 'formulaically' 语义相关，指那些为了装饰或政治正确、而非表达真情实感的固定、空洞修辞手法。
"The destruction of Israel and resistance to the United States—the Little Satan and the Grand Satan in the regime’s own language—are not rhetorical flourishes."
名义上的领导人；徒有其名，并无实权的最高职位者。
"So much so that the president, the nominal head of civilian government, feels unable to perform his duties."
增强（意志、信念等）；给……以勇气
"They would be quite intolerable, if I were not fortified by some memory of them as they are in the story as read."
变得粗俗；被庸俗化；被大众化（以至于失却精髓）
"though they are vulgarized, poor things of their kind."
模仿；拟态
"Men dressed up as talking animals may achieve buffoonery or mimicry, but they do not achieve Fantasy."
滑稽表演；打诨；粗俗的玩笑
"Men dressed up as talking animals may achieve buffoonery or mimicry, but they do not achieve Fantasy."
轻浮地；不严肃地；草率地
"Fantasy thus, too often, remains undeveloped; it is and has been used frivolously, or only half-seriously, or merely for decoration: it remains merely 'fanciful.'"
贬低的；轻视的；不赞成的
"But while admitting that, I do not assent to the depreciative tone."
擅自取用；僭取；妄称（权力、权利等）
"I propose, therefore, to arrogate to myself the powers of Humpty-Dumpty, and to use Fantasy for this purpose."
同年龄的；同时代的；同期的
"The incarnate mind, the tongue, and the tale are in our world coeval."
逐渐形成或演变成它现今这样一种有形的（物理上的）和行政管理的形态。
"America’s Interstate system emerged in its current physical and administrative form in response to the technological innovation of mass manufactured automobiles, defense needs amid the specter of the Cold War, and political compromises among different interest groups."
将……紧密连接或结合在一起，此处指将国家凝聚成一个整体。
"The Interstate Highways run through America as asphalt and concrete strands, binding the nation together, facilitating interstate commerce, and enabling a uniquely mobile American culture."
将州际公路系统比喻为用沥青和混凝土编织成的巨大绳索或纤维，强调了其连接和捆绑的功能。
"The Interstate Highways run through America as asphalt and concrete strands, binding the nation together, facilitating interstate commerce, and enabling a uniquely mobile American culture."
少数从太空中也能看到的人造工程结构之一。这是一个流传甚广但通常不准确的说法，作者在此处使用它作为一种增强其宏大叙事效果的手法。
"They are fundamental to the operating system of American life, yet few appreciate their scale as the largest public works project undertaken in U.S. history and one of the few engineered structures visible from space."