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堕落、颓废、道德败坏；尤指社会或文明在道德和文化上的衰落。
"In fact, Putin and Mandon are in agreement about the value of military sacrifice as a cure for liberal decadence."
（比喻）激烈的变动、持续不断的更迭、混乱的流动。
"The churn is constant, even during moments of apparent ideological consolidation."
海洋帝国/海上霸权；指其权力和影响力主要基于海上力量、贸易和控制的政权。
"This esoteric, ideologically syncretic book recast the Cold War as the latest incarnation of an age-old civilisational struggle between ‘thalassocracies’ – empires of the sea – and land-based ‘tellurocracies’."
陆地帝国/陆上霸权；指其权力主要基于对广袤大陆领土的控制和内部组织的政权。
"This esoteric, ideologically syncretic book recast the Cold War as the latest incarnation of an age-old civilisational struggle between ‘thalassocracies’ – empires of the sea – and land-based ‘tellurocracies’."
意识形态混合的；指不纯粹地、杂糅地融合了来自不同、甚至矛盾的思想体系的特质。
"This esoteric, ideologically syncretic book recast the Cold War as the latest incarnation of an age-old civilisational struggle between ‘thalassocracies’ – empires of the sea – and land-based ‘tellurocracies’."
（习语）讨好、拍马屁、阿谀奉承以获取好处。
"Morris can be accused of underestimating the appeal of hardline chauvinism; even if his own informants don’t have such views, there is plenty of evidence that other Russians do, and not simply to curry favour with the regime."
阴谋论思维/倾向；阴谋论信仰体系
"But there’s a perceptible and growing zone in which anger spills over into conspiracism."
不成比例的，过度地大/小（在此指政客遭受的憎恨超出了其行为应得的范围）
"...any 21st-century Labour leader, or even perhaps any 21st-century British prime minister, will be exposed to a disproportionate level of loathing and abuse."
欠...的债，受制于...，被...所困/支配（本意是典当，引申为经济或权力上的依赖）
"...he said ‘We’ve got to get beyond this thing of being in hock to the bond markets,’ showed how shocking it is to the financial world..."
大量，丰富，充沛（常指令人眼花缭乱、数量超乎寻常的）
"That said, there is such a profusion of different funding bodies and housing concepts – affordable or social? Planned, started or finished? Housing association or council? – that it’s hard for the outsider to make a tally..."
巴洛克式的计划/机制（比喻极其复杂、精细、甚至有些怪诞的制度或方案）
"Burnham explained the baroque scheme, contrived by George Osborne, by which councils get government cash to lend to developers and can use the interest payments to commission affordable housing."
缺乏自信的，胆怯的，谦逊的（在此并非指真正的自卑，而是一种刻意的、甚至有些策略性的谦逊姿态）
"He seemed sincere and – strangely for such an experienced politician who clearly doesn’t lack ego or self-confidence – diffident."
被顾问们打磨得平淡无奇的、精心炮制的作品（比喻经多人修改后失去棱角的演讲稿）
"...more like somebody making forceful points in conversation than the adviser-dulled confections of a campaign speech..."
简陋但尚可用的，未经精心打磨但有效的
"It had a rough and ready, rhetorically undercooked quality, a little awkward in places, more like somebody making forceful points in conversation than the adviser-dulled confections of a campaign speech..."
压倒性的胜利，大胜（‘thumping’是口语中的修饰语，意为‘巨大的、惊人的’）
"...that a ruling party can regain trust and improve people’s lives by swapping out its leader just two years after that leader led the party to a thumping victory."
争取，为...游说（在此语境中指同时为自己谋求三个不同职位而进行陈述）
"He had the tricky task of pitching for three jobs in twenty minutes: the one he has, mayor of Greater Manchester; the one he hopes to get, MP for Makerfield; and the one he hopes to take from the person now doing it, prime minister."
普遍的憎恨，厌恶，公愤
"...should alone have been enough to earn Starmer national odium."
自命不凡的，浮夸的，华而不实的（指说话或行为方式显得过于严肃和重要，而实际并非如此）
"This isn’t to excuse Starmer’s failings, or to become pompous about protest and the mockery of leaders."
双头垄断；在此指英国政坛由保守党和工党长期把持的两党制。
"It looks like Britain’s long-standing electoral duopoly is coming to an end."
有争议的；可能引起争论的。在此指麦克唐纳在工党史上的地位充满争议。
"Yet MacDonald’s place in party history is contentious: in August 1931, during the financial crisis that followed the Wall Street crash, he agreed to lead a National Government dominated by Conservatives."
精心策划的背叛行为。强调背叛不是一时冲动或偶然，而是经过深思熟虑的、有目的的。
"As Reid writes, MacDonald’s decision was condemned by the left as a calculated act of betrayal, an interpretation that has persisted."
有形的，实际的，真实的。在此指麦克唐纳没有亲身经历过工业工人阶级的实际生活。
"His childhood in the small port of Lossiemouth, and his increasingly comfortable life in London, meant he had no tangible experience of the life of the industrial working class."
有先见之明的；预知性的。在此指麦克唐纳对一战的批评后来被证明是正确的，而非不忠诚。
"MacDonald’s criticism of the war now seemed prescient rather than disloyal."
不祥的，预兆不好的。在此形容1929年后的经济前景充满不祥之兆。
"Whatever optimism accompanied Labour’s return to office after the May 1929 election soon dissipated. MacDonald again had some diplomatic successes, but the economic outlook was ominous: unemployment rose relentlessly in 1930, reaching 2.75 million."
无情地，持续不断地。形容失业率在1930年持续而无情地上涨。
"Whatever optimism accompanied Labour’s return to office after the May 1929 election soon dissipated. MacDonald again had some diplomatic successes, but the economic outlook was ominous: unemployment rose relentlessly in 1930, reaching 2.75 million."
免罪，证明无罪。在此指里德（Reid）为麦克唐纳辩护、试图洗清其叛徒罪名的写作项目。
"Reid, who is engaged in a project of exoneration, claims that MacDonald had no alternative to the spending cuts."
恳求，哀求。指国王乔治五世恳求麦克唐纳留任至危机缓解。
"Rather, MacDonald was motivated by his sense of duty and by the entreaties of the king, who implored him to remain in office until the crisis had abated."
使...与...一致，调和。这里指难以将这些辩护（里德的论点）与随后发生的事件（货币危机等）统一起来，即理论解释与事实不符。
"It is difficult to reconcile any of this with subsequent events. The measures MacDonald felt necessary failed to deliver stability, and the resulting public-sector pay cuts provoked a brief naval mutiny."
权宜之计；为达到目的而采取的手段。指麦克唐纳认为国民政府只是一个临时的应急措施。
"MacDonald seems to have been convinced that the National Government could be a temporary expedient."
职务的虚饰，官场的排场。指麦克唐纳享受作为首相带来的地位和奢华生活。
"Throughout the 1920s, MacDonald had faced accusations, especially from the left, that he was too fond of aristocratic company and the trappings of office."
处于巅峰期或巅峰期后的强权。指一个国家的实力已经或正在越过其历史最高点。
"Many analysts now describe China as a peaking or post-peak power facing demographic decline, economic slowdown, and internal structural challenges."
强制性经济工具。指利用经济依赖关系来迫使对方就范的手段。
"Historical experience suggests that states confronting such trajectories may become more willing to employ coercive economic tools to preserve influence or test adversaries’ resolve."
被转移了而非被消除了。指风险只是移动到了别处，并没有彻底消失。
"As a result, geopolitical risk is displaced rather than eliminated."
嵌入在最终生产之前的各个阶段。指风险存在于上游的、不易被察觉的环节中。
"As a result, nominally “onshored” capacity can remain functionally dependent on Chinese upstream inputs, underscoring how supply-chain risk is often embedded in stages that precede final production."
功能性地依赖。指在名义上已经独立，但在实际运作层面仍然无法摆脱对某物的依赖。
"As a result, nominally “onshored” capacity can remain functionally dependent on Chinese upstream inputs, underscoring how supply-chain risk is often embedded in stages that precede final production."
纯粹的自由放任主义（立场）。指一种毫不妥协、毫不沾染其他干预主义的自由主义经济教条。
"In matters of national security, insistence on laissez-faire purity amounts to a refusal to insure against foreseeable risks."
为可预见的风险提供保险/保障。指采取预防性措施来应对风险。
"In matters of national security, insistence on laissez-faire purity amounts to a refusal to insure against foreseeable risks."
在不利的情况下。'Ones' 这里代指 'conditions'。
"The question is not whether domestic gloves are the cheapest option under ideal conditions, but whether the cost of dependence is acceptable under adverse ones."
下行风险是巨大的且（风险关系）不对称的。指潜在的损失（最坏情况）非常巨大，并且这种风险对一方（如国内投资者）远大于另一方。
"Building glove manufacturing facilities is capital-intensive, while downside risks, such as competition from subsidized foreign producers, are asymmetric and substantial."
平凡无奇但却不可或缺的。
"What has received less attention thus far, however, is the fact that many of the industries now prioritized by U.S. industrial policy depend on a range of mundane but indispensable inputs."
最具影响力的；最重要的；后果最重大的。
"Among the most consequential of these are nitrile gloves."
为……让路；被……所取代。
"Once settled assumptions about the virtues of globalized supply chains have given way to a recognition that excessive dependence on foreign adversaries for critical goods introduced unacceptable national risk."
已成定论、被普遍接受的观念；不再被质疑的既有看法。
"Once settled assumptions about the virtues of globalized supply chains have given way to a recognition that excessive dependence on foreign adversaries for critical goods introduced unacceptable national risk."
基础性投入品；构成其他生产活动根基的输入。
"Often associated only with healthcare, nitrile gloves are a foundational input across a wide array of industrial processes."
核心地位；中心性；至关重要性。
"Despite this centrality, the United States remains almost entirely dependent on foreign supply for nitrile gloves, with effective control of the market concentrated in China and Chinese-linked supply chains."
脆弱性往往并非出现在技术前沿，而是隐藏在其下不为所见的根基之中。
"The case of nitrile gloves illustrates how vulnerabilities often arise not at the technological frontier, but in the unseen foundations beneath it."
无处不在性与同时性。指某种东西在多处同时被需要的性质。
"What distinguishes nitrile gloves from most other inputs, however, is their ubiquity and simultaneity."
（使）分散；（使）传播；弥漫。
"As a result, disruptions in glove supply do not merely affect a single industry but disseminate across the industrial ecosystem."
被迅速消耗殆尽；被快速耗尽。
"In such conditions, even large reserves can be depleted rapidly, leaving policymakers facing the same underlying vulnerability, delayed by mere weeks rather than resolved."
持续或同步发生的需求激增。指的是需求不仅大量增加，而且持续时间长，并且在多个领域同时出现。
"More importantly, stockpiles are designed to bridge brief disruptions, not to sustain prolonged or synchronized surges in demand."