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（资源的）耗尽；用完；（在此处指完全尝试并用尽）
"But such measures should always be a last resort—and only after the exhaustion of the less draconian remedies of education, vigilance, and public exposure of malign actors."
恶意的；有害的；邪恶的 （通常用于描述行为或意图）
"But such measures should always be a last resort—and only after the exhaustion of the less draconian remedies of education, vigilance, and public exposure of malign actors."
超国家的；指权力或影响力超越国家边界和政府之上的组织或实体
"Right-wing parties believe national governments and the supranational EU have been far too liberal in economic and social policy, while leftists favor even more social diversity and public spending."
在复杂系统中，由简单组成部分的相互作用自发产生，而非由外部设计或预先编程的（属性或行为）。
"David Bau is Assistant Professor at Northeastern University and Director of the National Deep Inference Fabric, researching the emergent internal mechanisms of deep generative networks in both Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision."
在此语境中，尤指通过精心设计的输入（如在上下文中提供例子）来‘引发’或‘诱导’大型语言模型展现出某种特定的、高阶的能力，如‘上下文学习’（in-context learning）。
"There’s a way of inducing a large language model to do something very creative, invented by researchers at OpenAI when they first devised the GPT-3 model. It’s called in-context learning."
谄媚的、阿谀奉承的；指为了获得个人利益或避免冲突，对上级或有权力的人做出过度的、不真诚的讨好行为。
"I have a student who believes that one of the reasons you have sycophantic behavior in networks is that the network may be getting confused about who is itself and who it’s talking to—just mixing these things up."
插入语，表示说话者使用某个词时，意识到这个词可能不够精确或完美，但在当时找不到更合适的词来描述当前的概念、感觉或分类。
"Mounk: In a sense, we’re now getting at different levels of, for lack of a better word, interiority."
像用筛子筛选谷物一样，仔细地、系统性地检查大量信息，从中找出有价值的、相关的内容。
"It’s so much data that our challenge is trying to figure out how to sift through it all to make sense of these signals."
一种生动的习语，描述数量极其庞大、远远超出处理能力的资源（此处指数据），以至于多到成为一种‘幸福的烦恼’。
"That’s the amazing thing about having artificial neural networks that work—it’s an embarrassment of data. It’s the flip opposite of what you are dealing with when you are dealing with biological brains."
此处为比喻用法，意为巧妙地‘引诱’、‘拉拢’某人参与某事，尤其指在对方可能不太情愿或很忙的情况下，以某种吸引力或策略将其‘钓’入对话或任务中。
"Yascha Mounk: I learned so much the last time we spoke that I thought I would abuse your generosity and reel you in for another private tutoring lesson about how AI works."
一种幽默和礼貌的说法，指过度或不合理地利用对方的善意、耐心或慷慨，通常用于请求对方再次帮忙或占用对方更多时间。
"Yascha Mounk: I learned so much the last time we spoke that I thought I would abuse your generosity and reel you in for another private tutoring lesson about how AI works."
在本文语境中，指研究人员通过分析神经网络的内部激活模式（神经信号），来解读、翻译并理解这些模式所代表的具体信息（如性别、地点、对象等）。
"Yascha Mounk and David Bau discuss how AI models actually produce their results and reflect about problems, whether the “thinking” process that models show users reveals their authentic thought processes, and how researchers can decode the internal representations of neural networks to understand what information they contain and use."
政权更迭；（政治、政策等的）转向（非正常手段）
"本篇文章未直接使用此词，但作为背景知识，它揭示了理解政治委婉语的重要性。"
与...格格不入，难以共存
"MAHA’s emphasis on creating cleaner environments to generate sturdier bodies that need fewer drugs and procedures can sometimes sit uneasily alongside conservative commitments to deregulation and small government."
试验场，试炼之地；用于检验理论、技术或人才优劣的地方
"Federal buildings are useful policy proving grounds because they are already unusually well observed."
被证实，得到证明
"We often assume that indoor air is safe, but this is not borne out by the existing epidemiological evidence."
有弹性的，能迅速恢复的；适应力强的
"Poor indoor air is therefore one of the invisible ways the built environment makes Americans sicker, poorer, and less resilient than they should be."
（持续地）轻轻推；逐渐影响，促使
"The same tiny particles that irritate airways also slip into the bloodstream, nudging blood pressure up, and making clots more likely."
典范的，典型的，权威的
"For these reasons, high-density military housing and training facilities are a canonical use case for a fiscally conservative IAQ agenda."
潜伏等待，指某种危险或陷阱以隐藏的、有预谋的方式等待毫无防备的受害者
"there are far more intrusive and extractive forms of gamification and data-harvesting that lie in wait for unwary participants in just about any online (and indeed offline) activity."
不警惕的、毫无戒心的，描述那些因缺乏警觉而容易落入陷阱的人
"there are far more intrusive and extractive forms of gamification and data-harvesting that lie in wait for unwary participants in just about any online (and indeed offline) activity."
混淆、搞混，指把本应区分清楚的事物错误地当作同一类
"The reason we might muddle them up is that they both rely on the same mechanism: scoring."
吸金的、烧钱的，形容某种机制以掠夺性的方式持续从用户那里获取金钱
"Money-sucking metrics are also a form of scoring – sometimes explicitly (‘Improve your credit score!’), but more often buried in the background."
隐藏在后台，指某种机制或过程对用户不可见，隐藏在界面或操作流程的后端不被察觉
"We don’t get to see the way the time we spend playing games improves the ability of online platforms to sell our data to their advertisers. But we can be sure all the same that we’ve become a number."
即将发生的灾难或灾祸感，强调一种悬而未决的、迫在眉睫的负面预期
"there are far tougher ones that I avoid because they would take too long and would probably leave me with a sense of impending disaster."
优雅的隐秘填字游戏，特指英式填字谜中那些谜面与谜底之间存在精妙、不直白对应关系的类型
"There is a world of game-playing out there that makes far greater demands of the players, from elegant cryptic crosswords through to complex strategy board games and on to multi-level role-playing computer games."
游戏化，将游戏的机制、积分系统、竞争元素应用于非游戏场景以操控用户行为的设计策略
"On the other, there are far more intrusive and extractive forms of gamification and data-harvesting that lie in wait for unwary participants in just about any online (and indeed offline) activity."
数据收割，通过各种线上活动系统化地、非透明地收集用户个人信息的行为，强调收割的掠夺性
"On the other, there are far more intrusive and extractive forms of gamification and data-harvesting that lie in wait for unwary participants in just about any online (and indeed offline) activity."
（在此语境中指）一个具有强烈象征意义和情感力量的图像、形象或符号。
"Sometimes his despair is given expression as an icon of ultimate terror and helplessness, a screaming figure catapulting headfirst into the void."
（在观点、路径或方向上）显著不同的、分歧的、分叉的。
"In a 2014 article published in ARTMargins, art historian, anthropologist, and curator Karin Zitzewitz examines why Mehta and K.G. Subramanyan—despite their widely divergent practices—both turned to the goddess figure around the same time."
一种强烈的、常指不好的行为倾向或癖好。
"The imagery fits well with Mehta’s proclivity to show violence, frequently linked to his witnessing a murder during the Partition riots of 1947–48."
吸收、融合（思想、文化、人）并使其成为自身的一部分。
"Shaped by post-colonial imperatives, Indian modernism instead embraced change through the “assimilation of the Other, rather than through the rejection of the past.”"
必须履行的职责；强制性或紧迫性的需求、目标。
"Shaped by post-colonial imperatives, Indian modernism instead embraced change through the “assimilation of the Other, rather than through the rejection of the past.”"
先锋派；在艺术、文学、音乐等领域中，具有创新性、实验性，并往往意在挑战既定规范的先驱人物或作品。
"In a 1999 essay published in Art Journal, he contrasts the distinct language of Western modernism—which pursued the avant-garde in order to “undermine the post-Renaissance Western realist tradition”—with that of Indian modernism."
因他人/他事更显眼、更重要或更成功而相形见绌、变得不显眼或不受重视。
"For much of his life, Mehta remained overshadowed by the commercial success of his fellow PAG artists."
用绳子或某种结构牢牢捆住、束缚（尤指鸟禽等，或在印刷术中作为铅版）。
"Meanwhile, his Trussed Bull became the second most expensive work by a contemporary Indian artist sold at auction when it sold for $7.27 million last year."
在陈述一个主要观点时，附带、顺便地提及一个可能与主线相关或有趣，但非必要的信息。
"The first is a large retrospective—incidentally, his first—currently on view at Delhi’s Kiran Nadar Museum of Art."
特指回顾一位艺术家、导演等生平作品的大型展览或活动。
"The first is a large retrospective—incidentally, his first—currently on view at Delhi’s Kiran Nadar Museum of Art."
在某领域（尤指艺术、科学、文学等）极有影响力、启发他人的杰出人物。
"Its members included luminaries such as M. F. Husain, F. N. Souza, and S. H. Raza, and their mandate was to build an artistic voice for a newly independent nation."
同时代的；同龄的。（形容词或名词）
"She describes Rabindranath Tagore’s drawings and Tyeb Mehta’s films, in particular, as “markers of a contemporary sensibility coeval with modernist engagements across the twentieth century.”"
在特定语境下，指一个团体或组织被赋予的、明确的使命或任务。
"Its members included luminaries such as M. F. Husain, F. N. Souza, and S. H. Raza, and their mandate was to build an artistic voice for a newly independent nation."
（在此语境下）维持；保持（兴趣、吸引力等）持续不衰。
"It is perhaps the universality of Mehta’s content that continues to sustain the appeal of his work."
本质；精髓；事物最根本、最核心的属性。
"As you come to terms with form, even content becomes suggestive rather than direct and I think that is the essence of art."
（在数量、力量或影响上）占主导地位、占上风、最为突出。
"In a painting where subject matter predominates, it is you who are reading the painting."
起源于；由……发展或产生。
"Perhaps, though, one must turn to Mehta himself to understand where his artistic language stems from, and why it remains popular to this day."
完全空无的空间；巨大的空虚、虚无。
"Sometimes his despair is given expression as an icon of ultimate terror and helplessness, a screaming figure catapulting headfirst into the void."
稀缺、不足的状态；供给远小于需求。
"The scarcity of his canvases has certainly contributed to the rise in their prices, but it also reflects a growing appreciation for his singular style."
（在比赛或竞争中）彻底击败、轻松战胜。
"Here they highlighted the 2005 sale of a Mehta painting at Christie’s for $1.6 million, which “easily trounc[ed] the Sotheby’s record from the day before and more than tripl[ed] the record for a Mehta work at auction.”"
被猛烈地、仿佛被弹射器发射般向前或向下推进。
"Sometimes his despair is given expression as an icon of ultimate terror and helplessness, a screaming figure catapulting headfirst into the void."
（用面粉和水制成的浆糊）在公共空间张贴海报（的一种游击式广告或艺术行为）
"Collectives like Gran Fury and fierce pussy, which organized inside the ACT UP activist group, created posters for wheat-pasting that served as art, education, and calls to action around AIDS, homophobia, health care, and visibility."