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高潮、顶点（原指涨潮最高点，喻事物发展的巅峰）
"The UN General Assembly’s adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principles in 2005 marked a high-water point for the legitimacy of the liberal world order."
咽喉要道；关键瓶颈节点（此处指可被国家征税控制的基础设施枢纽）
"Part of the challenge for Sudanese authorities is that artisanal gold production, unlike control of oilfields and pipelines or cotton irrigation, lacks the central infrastructural chokepoints the colonial and postcolonial state had become so adept at taxing."
物化；将抽象概念当作具体实体对待（此处指把殖民历史固化为不变实体）
"Perhaps no country has suffered more from the reification of the colonial past by social scientists and modernizing elites alike than the Congo, once known as Zaire."
作为缩影；以小见大地体现（整体）
"Today, the conflict in Sudan can be described as a world war in microcosm."
禁忌；被社会或政治规范所禁止的事物（此处指与次国家行为体打交道的政治禁忌）
"The other dilemma for the Sudanese state is the regional collapse of the taboo against dealing with subnational actors."
一丝、些许（此处指笔调中透出的些许绝望）
"In the face of the physical destruction of cities like Khartoum, Applebaum declared the conflict the most nihilistic on Earth, writing with a tinge of hopelessness that “the liberal world order has already ended in Sudan, and there isn’t anything to replace it.”"
古怪的，离奇的（常含贬义，暗示肤浅的怪异）
"A lot of early factual programming is less like the sort of stunt-driven, very wacky kind of TV that you'd get nowadays if you were trying to popularize an academic subject to a mass audience."
（论证）无懈可击的，严密的
"But he was making, I guess, a wider and more vibey, but perhaps also, I think, more compelling and more watertight point."
未被充分注意的，被忽视的
"I think what the smartphone does that's important and perhaps undernoticed is it just makes screens ubiquitous."
彻底消除，消灭
"I think what the smartphone does that's important and perhaps undernoticed is it just makes screens ubiquitous, and it wipes out all the other cultural space that literacy used to occupy."
论战文章，激烈的批评性著作
"Neil Postman's anti-television polemic, written in 1984—it's striking that Neil Postman doesn't cite a single piece of data for the decline of reading."
凭感觉的，氛围驱动的，缺乏严谨论证的
"But he was making, I guess, a wider and more vibey, but perhaps also, I think, more compelling and more watertight point."
（隐喻）因公共图书馆关闭而被迫转向书店的读者
"So I think publishing has been soaking up some refugees from public libraries, and that has kept the headline figures healthier than they might otherwise have been for a while."
发出警报，敲响警钟（在本文中指率先对某一趋势提出警告）
"The great book on this subject, by Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death, was the first polemic to sound the alarm."
荒谬可笑地怀旧的
"When you talk about the way that technology has disrupted literacy, you can find yourself becoming ludicrously nostalgic, and if you're not careful you end up railing against radio."
在那本书之后，追随那本书的影响
"The great book on this subject, by Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death, was the first polemic to sound the alarm, and I'm really just following in that book's wake."
（市场、行业）繁荣的、保持活力的；（情绪）乐观的
"There are other factors that have kept the publishing industry a little more buoyant than it might otherwise be."
（数量、水平）急剧下降，暴跌
"A lot of public libraries have closed, and public library usage has really—certainly in Britain—fallen off a cliff."
吸收、接纳（本文中指出版业吸纳了因图书馆关闭而转向书店的读者）
"So I think publishing has been soaking up some refugees from public libraries."
激烈地抱怨、抨击
"When you talk about the way that technology has disrupted literacy, you can find yourself becoming ludicrously nostalgic, and if you're not careful you end up railing against radio."
（作为动词）为对立观点构建最强版本的论证，以最有力、最善意的形式呈现对方立场
"So I'm trying to steelman the case of a skeptic here."
无意中显得反乌托邦且暴露真相的
"The father makes some comment like, 'It's brilliant, we've got the television, we never have to go outside now,' or something sort of unintentionally dystopian and revealing."
文化评论中由来已久的母题
"I and probably everyone else who's written this sort of article, was conscious that 'university students aren't as clever as they once were' and 'the young are disappointing' is a sort of ancient theme of cultural commentary."
安全地据守在打字机后面（如军队据守战壕）
"T.S. Eliot has a great line about the bombastic self-confidence of the mild-mannered man safely entrenched behind his typewriter, which has sometimes occurred to me as I've written some of my more bombastic opinion columns safely behind my desk."
夸夸其谈的，言辞浮夸的
"T.S. Eliot has a great line about the bombastic self-confidence of the mild-mannered man safely entrenched behind his typewriter."
（情感温度）嗖地回升，骤然反弹
"I think not only that reliable information is becoming less available to people for various reasons, but that we're just seeing the emotional temperature of our whole culture whoosh back up again."
（在情感上）使褪色，降低情感饱和度
"One of the most striking things that Marshall McLuhan says about literacy is the way it emotionally desaturates a culture and a society."
（在论辩中）彻底驳倒、将（对手）撕得体无完肤
"You think that clearly, all through their middle and high school lives, they dreamt of taking to the page to eviscerate the bullies."
小矮人，侏儒（本文中用作对'在纸面上显得强大、现实中却渺小'的人的讽刺性比喻）
"You meet them in real life and they're just sad little homunculi."
在车间里修修补补，小打小闹地摆弄
"When they came to their invention, they weren't just tinkering in a workshop—they were able to draw on technical information argued over by natural philosophers for the last five decades."
与……建立紧密联系，接入（知识网络、信息渠道等）
"It's a kind of sign of a place that has access to knowledge and an intellectual life, that is plugged into the Republic of Letters."
（在本文语境中）未能广泛传播的、未引发网络热议的文章
"As you say, the non-viral essay on the decline of reading is pretty much its own genre of magazine journalism now."
（观念、能力）从我们大脑中自然完整地涌现
"It's easy to assume that things like philosophy, complex narrative history, logic, and mathematics are innate forms of human knowledge and intelligence that spring out of our brains fully formed."
修辞上的华丽点缀，辞藻上的花招
"You have a little rhetorical flourish, you distract the person you're talking to, even yourself, with some kind of little joke, and then you go on to the next point."
将它们提交批评审视，使之接受批判性检验
"You can submit them to criticism, you can rearrange them, you can analyze them, you can stare at them and reread them again and again and discover the flaws in them."
从君主专制的时代中逐渐走出
"That is basically the point at which Europe and North America begin to roll out of an age of monarchical autocracy toward the democracies we know today."
仔细审查，严密审视
"Readers are able to submit written text to much greater scrutiny than a listener is to a spoken text."
英国文学的丰碑/经典巨著
"You assigned your undergrads these great monuments of English literature, and they were finding that they could no longer rely on their students to read the books."
以噱头/花招为驱动的
"A lot of early factual programming is less like the sort of stunt-driven, very wacky kind of TV that you'd get nowadays if you were trying to popularize an academic subject to a mass audience."
变得陌生而新奇（本文中指曾经寻常的事物如今显得异乎寻常）
"It's funny how quickly that has happened—what used to be ubiquitous has come to be exotic in a certain kind of way."
（因焦虑、担忧而）搓手，引申为对某事表现出焦虑不安、忧心忡忡的姿态
"You say in the introduction to your book that there's a new genre of people wringing their hands about the end of reading, but you are a little earlier to that genre than others."
对我们来说几乎如此平庸乏味
"Reading and writing seem so obvious to us, almost so banal to us, that we forget to understand how profoundly they've shaped our civilization."
文人共和国（17-18世纪欧洲知识分子跨国交流的共同体）
"The predominant factor is its culture of literacy and its culture of the Republic of Letters—this community of thinkers, scientists, and inventors across Europe who are exchanging ideas."
（清楚地）表明、显示出（某种特质或情感）
"I didn’t elaborate. Instead, my attempt to be honest with my one grown-up friend evinces the same dissociation that leads me, now, to rely on these emailed traces: “i talked to her,” the message continues, “cried, blah blah blah, argued her philosophy of writing, and wrote painful paper after paper.”"
根深蒂固的；深植于心的
"I hadn’t known then that NO DUKES was an echo of NO NUKES, and to be honest I doubt I knew it when I was a freshman at Yale. Months of the KKK Grand Wizard’s campaigning had ingrained the chant as its own thing, memorable as the bumper stickers reading vote for the crook, it’s important, a lesson in choosing the lesser of two evils."
恭敬顺从的；尊重他人意见（乃至过分顺从）的
"I sense my professor wanted me to be less “creative,” by which I mean more deferential to the norms of what we expect essays to be."
两害相权取其轻；（两个都不好的选择中）相对不那么坏的一个
"I hadn’t known then that NO DUKES was an echo of NO NUKES, and to be honest I doubt I knew it when I was a freshman at Yale. Months of the KKK Grand Wizard’s campaigning had ingrained the chant as its own thing, memorable as the bumper stickers reading vote for the crook, it’s important, a lesson in choosing the lesser of two evils."
最直白、最不加掩饰的
"To my professor it might have seemed clever that I’d chosen as my topic an election, the baldest possible manifestation of politics showing up in a person’s life."
任性的；反复无常、随性而变的
"A writer needs backbone, not capricious word choice and declarations,” she’d said; my work should portray “that cycle of human mistakes and errors of which we are all a part.”"
（新闻写作）把最关键的信息埋没在文中；（喻）未突出要点
"In high school, the process of composing my “idly orange essays” had taught me nonfiction didn’t need to be boring, but my professor was a journalist, keen on our immediately reporting the who-what-where-when and never burying the lede."