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使（威胁）失去杀伤力，削弱其危险性
"a plurality of respondents ... agreed strongly with statements that such research would defang AGI"
（辩论中）移动球门柱——不断改变评判标准，使对手永远无法'达标'
"Anyone who refuses to count that as empirical vindication is engaged in goalpost-moving and special pleading"
（逻辑谬误）特设辩词——援引例外来偏袒己方立场，却不给出合理依据
"is engaged in goalpost-moving and special pleading, and is not looking at the thing in an intellectually honest way."
（圣经意象）在旷野中——被边缘化、遭冷落、在无人理睬中煎熬的长期处境
"for 20 years in the wilderness, until events dramatically vindicated him."
网络钓鱼——伪装成可信来源骗取敏感信息的网络欺诈
"The person who declines to get in the stranger's car, or who flags the email as a phishing attempt, or who walks away from the deal – these individuals are not acting irrationally or on mere feeling."
先前的、在先的；此处 'antecedent justified beliefs' 指'事先已被辩护的信念'
"And they do so without relying on antecedent justified beliefs and are not themselves in need of justification."
现象学；（经验的）主观感受特质——'体验起来是什么感觉'
"Second, they have a vivid phenomenology, a distinctive what-it's-likeness, as the philosopher Thomas Nagel put it."
（引申义）弥漫、渗透于……之中；使充满
"Intuition saturates our ordinary reasoning."
未入门者；对某领域缺乏专门知识的外行人
"To sceptics and the uninitiated, these thought experiments can seem fantastical."
挫败、阻止（计划、企图）；此处 'to foil this regress' 意为'打破这一无穷倒退'
"To foil this regress, we have three options: embrace an infinite chain (infinitism), allow the chain to loop back on itself (coherentism), or hold that some beliefs are justified independently of others (foundationalism)."
（哲学）呈现性的——心智状态将内容呈现为'事物实际如此'而非仅仅被思考或想象
"On this standard view, its phenomenology is presentational, and it is this presentational phenomenology that explains the epistemic force of perceptual experience."
（哲学）无穷倒退——论证中理由引出新理由、永无止境的倒退链条
"To foil this regress, we have three options: embrace an infinite chain (infinitism), allow the chain to loop back on itself (coherentism), or hold that some beliefs are justified independently of others (foundationalism)."
认识论的；与知识、辩护、合理性相关的
"These seemings have an unmistakable epistemic pull."
（哲学术语）'似乎如此'的心智状态；呈现性外观——事物向你显现为某种样子的状态
"A standard way of characterising rational intuition is in terms of seemings, by analogy with perception."
（法哲学/知识论）可被推翻的——初步成立但可因新证据而被撤销的
"This cognitive posture is what makes a seeming capable of justifying a belief: it presents reality without committing to it, offering us a direct but defeasible route to acceptance."
（复数名词）奇异的、异国情调的事物；此处特指哲学家惯用的离奇古怪的假设情境
"Philosophers have a penchant for exotica, which is never more clearly on display than in their invocation of thought experiments."
爬虫学家——研究爬行动物与两栖动物的专家
"Imagine walking through a field with a trained herpetologist."
（学术短语）具有认识论分量——在辩护/合理性上算数、有重要性
"The situation is presenting itself as having a certain character, and that presentation carries epistemic weight – not because it is infallible, but because it is the same kind of state that grounds all of our most basic cognitive contact with the world."
被证明正当/有理的；此处指'被整体性地证明为合理'
"Once we see this, 'vibes' and gut feelings are neither vindicated wholesale nor dismissed as mere noise."
未经请求而自发出现的；不请自来的
"These intuitions arrive unbidden, prior to any deliberation."
（引申义）大张旗鼓的宣扬、炫耀性的声势；此处 'with phenomenological fanfare' 意为'伴随现象学的隆重登场'
"They do not arrive with phenomenological fanfare."
（对某事物，尤指古怪或不太正当之事的）强烈嗜好、偏爱
"Philosophers have a penchant for exotica, which is never more clearly on display than in their invocation of thought experiments."
（哲学/书面）领会、把握（意义或内容）；此处指心智直接把握内容为实际如此
"And it is this posture, this way of grasping the world and not its phenomenological glow, that supplies perceptual experience with its epistemic force."
（精神病学）现实感丧失——感觉外部世界不真实、疏离，尽管感官知觉本身正常
"To see why, consider the phenomenon known as derealisation disorder."
被动性；此处特指心智状态'发生于我们身上'而非'由我们执行'的特征
"This passivity is precisely what allows a seeming to present its content as actual."
（本文作者自造术语）呈现性——心智状态将内容把握为'事物实际如此'的属性
"Call this apparent disclosure of reality presentationality: a mental state is presentational when its content is apprehended as how things actually are, rather than merely as they are thought about or imagined."
（习语中）尽人皆知的、谚语般的；此处 'the proverbial fork in the road' 指'人们熟知的那个岔路口'
"In fact, their functioning is continuous with something far more familiar: the way we routinely entertain alternative possibilities in ordinary life, wondering what might happen if we take one path rather than another in the proverbial fork in the road."
（思想、讨论等）高深而脱离常人生活的；曲高和寡的
"Instead, they have focused the bulk of their attention on a much more rarefied kind of intuition called rational intuition, which is taken to function primarily in the a priori disciplines of philosophy, logic and mathematics."
治国术；国家治理与外交的策略技艺
"As we think of what models might best explain statecraft after the liberal order, it increasingly makes sense to look at the 19th-century map as an example of political competition and shifting boundaries."
搅局者；破坏者（此处指既当掮客又当破坏者的行为体）
"The SPLM-N has been both a broker and spoiler for South Sudan since its secession in 2011."
准军事的/兼营商业的（slash 作口语连词，表‘兼、又’）
"The RSF, a paramilitary-slash-merchant company, carries out many of these transactions, managing large portions of Sudan on behalf of its investors."
次国家的；低于国家层级的（指地方、地区或非国家武装等行为体）
"The other dilemma for the Sudanese state is the regional collapse of the taboo against dealing with subnational actors."
（历史认知上的）压缩、缩短（此处指将非洲当下与深层历史脉络割裂）
"Many observers have mistakenly assumed the former because of what the historian Richard Reid calls the “foreshortening of African history,” by which he means “the detachment of Africa’s turbulent present — and its recent past — from deeper patterns of both change and continuity.”"
物化；将抽象概念当作具体实体对待（此处指把殖民历史固化为不变实体）
"Perhaps no country has suffered more from the reification of the colonial past by social scientists and modernizing elites alike than the Congo, once known as Zaire."
上升的；占优势的（此处指崛起并现代化中的殖民与后殖民国家）
"The precolonial was smashed in the wake of an ascendant and modernizing colonial and post-colonial state."
三驾马车；由三方组成的协调机制（此处指美、英、挪三国调停集团）
"For instance, Sudan’s second civil war came to an end only after intense mediation by the troika of the United States, the United Kingdom and Norway, as well as Sudan’s African neighbors, in 2005."
galvanized 在此为比喻义：激励、动员（联盟）采取行动
"At the time, finding a solution to Sudan’s conflicts was a priority for the United States and the coalitions it galvanized."
咽喉要道；关键瓶颈节点（此处指可被国家征税控制的基础设施枢纽）
"Part of the challenge for Sudanese authorities is that artisanal gold production, unlike control of oilfields and pipelines or cotton irrigation, lacks the central infrastructural chokepoints the colonial and postcolonial state had become so adept at taxing."
多边的；由多个国家或方参与的国际协作（在此指多方国际干预）
"Sudan has often served as a mirror for judging the health of the liberal world order because it has repeatedly been a laboratory for multilateral interventions to prevent atrocities and stabilize the humanitarian situation."
暴行；大规模残暴行为（尤指针对平民的战争罪行）
"Sudan has often served as a mirror for judging the health of the liberal world order because it has repeatedly been a laboratory for multilateral interventions to prevent atrocities and stabilize the humanitarian situation."
踩踏已久的；老路的、司空见惯的（此处指传统贸易路线）
"The government earned most of its revenue by taxing the imports and exports that followed this well-trodden route."
禁忌；被社会或政治规范所禁止的事物（此处指与次国家行为体打交道的政治禁忌）
"The other dilemma for the Sudanese state is the regional collapse of the taboo against dealing with subnational actors."
衰落的、式微的国家（waning 指月亏般渐衰）
"Our research in the Sudan Collection at the University of Bergen in Norway shows that during the 19th century, Taqali leaders used a similar strategy of seeking protection and recognition from both the waning states of Darfur and Sennar — pledging vassalage to both simultaneously as they worked to maintain autonomy."
涌入；大量流入（尤指人或资源的突然涌入）
"Meanwhile, there are at least 4.4 million Sudanese refugees who have fled the country, many to neighboring countries like Chad, Egypt and South Sudan, which can ill-afford to support this influx."
被……掩盖；因他事而失色、被忽视（此处指苏丹战争因其他战争而未获关注）
"In one of the most widely discussed recent commentaries on the crisis in Sudan — a conflict often overshadowed despite its horrific violence by other wars — the American journalist and historian Anne Applebaum wrote that “no statistics can express the sense of pointlessness, of meaninglessness, that the war has left behind” after she reported from behind the lines of both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and their opponents, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF)."
（数字、对比等）触目惊心的、赤裸而严峻的
"The numbers are massive and stark, making it hard to comprehend the magnitude of the tragedy unfolding there."
无力承担；几乎负担不起（此处指难以承受难民涌入）
"Meanwhile, there are at least 4.4 million Sudanese refugees who have fled the country, many to neighboring countries like Chad, Egypt and South Sudan, which can ill-afford to support this influx."
虚无主义的；否定一切意义与价值的
"In the face of the physical destruction of cities like Khartoum, Applebaum declared the conflict the most nihilistic on Earth, writing with a tinge of hopelessness that “the liberal world order has already ended in Sudan, and there isn’t anything to replace it.”"
高潮、顶点（原指涨潮最高点，喻事物发展的巅峰）
"The UN General Assembly’s adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principles in 2005 marked a high-water point for the legitimacy of the liberal world order."
起源；创生（此处指某理念的思想源头）
"Deng served as the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on internally displaced persons from 1992 to 2004, and many experts credit Deng’s idea of sovereignty as responsibility as the intellectual genesis of the international principle of the Responsibility to Protect."