Vocabulary

（对陈述、建议或协议的）警告，限制性条件，附加说明

"But every particle physicist, Franklin included, recognizes that there are caveats."

异乎寻常地；带有个人特有的癖好或风格地

"(Far more idiosyncratically, Quigg leaves the force-carrying particles off his list, as he considers them to be transformations of matter particles rather than particles themselves.)"

在速度或增长上超过，远远领先于

"The United States faces a growing strategic challenge: China has emerged as the world’s dominant energy financier, outpacing the United States nearly ten to one in global markets."

重要支柱，核心部分

"Additionally, the establishment of Energy Security Compacts (ESCs), modeled on the Millennium Challenge Corporation’s (MCC) existing framework, can leverage these financing tools to align agencies on strategy, support allies, and make energy a pillar of American industrial and economic policy."

放弃（权力、领土或竞争优势），让与

"Without policy action, the United States stands to lose its competitive edge in foreign energy markets, which will hurt American manufacturers and cede strategic ground to the PRC."

优惠的，减让性的（指贷款条件比市场条件更优惠，如利率更低、期限更长）

"These deals closely resemble the activity of a private investor, rather than the concessional, development-focused lending that a development bank typically undertakes."

分量，重要性，影响力 (比喻用法)

"The PRC can simply provide more financial heft in partner countries."

开采（自然资源，如石油、矿石）

"Oil and gas extraction is by far the largest and most sophisticated."

一套可用的政策、策略或方法

"The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has an array of policy and financial tools that it uses to secure diplomatic influence, strengthen supply chains for domestic Chinese manufacturing, and gain physical control of strategic assets in partner countries."

利用（某种资源或手段）来实现更大价值或优势

"Additionally, the establishment of Energy Security Compacts (ESCs), modeled on the Millennium Challenge Corporation’s (MCC) existing framework, can leverage these financing tools to align agencies on strategy, support allies, and make energy a pillar of American industrial and economic policy."

加强，使更有效、更有针对性 (此处为比喻用法)

"The United States should sharpen its export and development finance tools and coordinate them more effectively."

获胜，占上风，占优势

"Policymakers should sharpen the policy toolkit to strengthen the American industrial base, lead the world in energy innovation, and prevail against the CCP."

授权，赋予……权力和能力

"the U.S. Development Finance Corporation (DFC) should be empowered with greater scale and flexibility to pursue long-term investments that strengthen supply chains and national security."

（有倾向性地）描述，构建（话语）

"Accepting a deal with Trump could be framed as a betrayal of the martyrs..."

永无止境的战争，持久战

"Until then, the IRGC will pursue its “forever war,” threatening regional stability, the global economy, and U.S. national security."

无法达到的，不可企及的

"It is clear that as long as the IRGC exists, a permanent solution to the Strait of Hormuz crisis—and long-lasting peace in the Middle East—remains unattainable."

严厉打击，压制，取缔

"This includes a range of measures, from restricting the Guard’s access to financial resources through clamping down on illicit sanctions evasion networks and stricter sanctions enforcement..."

主导性的（国家机构）状态/实体

"The IRGC has calculated that, unless it results in the complete collapse of the system, the current war...can accelerate this trajectory by further empowering the Guard and turning it from a deep state into the dominant state itself."

次要的，从属的，不重要的

"As a result of the war, IRGC commanders have become indispensable, while the state bureaucracy, parliament, diplomats, and even presidents are completely secondary."

不可或缺的，绝对不能缺少的

"As a result of the war, IRGC commanders have become indispensable, while the state bureaucracy, parliament, diplomats, and even presidents are completely secondary."

缓和，冲淡（负面情绪或乐观态度）

"These events should temper Western optimism about the negotiations currently underway between Iran and the United States."

主导地位，绝对控制权

"The extent of the IRGC’s dominance in the regime was made clear when it singlehandedly decided to wage a drone attack on the United Arab Emirates on April 30."

非法的，违禁的，不允许的

"And while the IRGC would still benefit from the lifting of sanctions...the illicit economic ecosystem it currently commands remains of greater strategic value."

失败主义，认输主义的（言论或情绪）

"Despite the defeatist rhetoric that is prevalent in much of the mainstream media, regime change in Iran remains possible—but only if the IRGC is significantly weakened."

独力地，完全靠一己之力

"The extent of the IRGC’s dominance in the regime was made clear when it singlehandedly decided to wage a drone attack on the United Arab Emirates on April 30."

极其愤怒的，暴怒的

"President Masoud Pezeshkian was furious over not being informed about the IRGC’s decision, reportedly calling the escalation “madness” and warning that it could push Iran back into a full-scale war."

使边缘化，使脱离权力核心

"For the Guard, keeping the Persian Gulf in a state of controlled crisis is not just a bargaining tactic; it is also a way to further marginalize civilian institutions and preserve the security order through which it now dominates the Islamic Republic."

（由非法活动构成的）生态系统，体系

"...the illicit economic ecosystem it currently commands remains of greater strategic value."

视角，观察角度，解读方式

"IRGC members are trained to see the world through the lens of resistance, martyrdom, anti-Americanism, antisemitism, and blind loyalty to the Supreme Leader."

发展轨迹，变化路径

"The IRGC has calculated that...the current war...can accelerate this trajectory by further empowering the Guard and turning it from a deep state into the dominant state itself."

背叛，出卖，背信弃义

"Accepting a deal with Trump could be framed as a betrayal of the martyrs..."

描述性代表制（指代议士的个人特征，如种族、性别、年龄，与其所代表的选民群体一致）

"If you’re asking what I would vote for: first of all, we need more descriptive representation—that’s to say, elected representatives need to be produced by the system who are understood by relevant sectors of the electorate to represent them."

（某事）在很大程度上是众所周知的；并非秘密

"What I try to do—and this I think is tolerably well known—is go beyond the focus on Biden and cognitive decline..."

老人统治；由老年人掌权的政体

"I don’t think old people are a problem. I think gerontocracy is—in the same way that whites may not be a problem, but white supremacy is real."

（新词或短语的）创造，杜撰

"In the book I look at the first coinage of the term."

最终相形见绌；相比之下微不足道

"All of that pales in the end, if we’re talking about the political class, beside representational fairness..."

现任职位（尤指政治职位），在位状态

"As far as I see it, it really matters that there are advantages of incumbency—which you mentioned—which means that especially when politicians in America are starting their careers later, you’re just going to have an older set of politicians..."

（指法律、政策、行为等）有害的，有毒的，极其令人反感的

"That's why the Calais decision—I don't know if you supported that one—is so noxious: it forbade arrangements that allowed Black people to have Black representatives in this country."

持不同政见者（指公开反对现行政治体制或政策的异议分子）

"Panahi has long worked within a tradition of dissident cinema, one in which characters resist social norms, defy legal restrictions and confront political authority."

源于，起源于

"Some of the criticism leveled at It Was Just an Accident by Iranian artists and intellectuals stems from its similarities to Farhadi’s films."

提出（批评、指控等），（将矛头）对准。在此语境中为‘level criticism at’的过去分词形式。

"Some of the criticism leveled at It Was Just an Accident by Iranian artists and intellectuals stems from its similarities to Farhadi’s films."

僵局，绝境（指一种无法前进或无法解决的困难局面）

"Panahi turns this revenge plot into a microcosm of Iranian society in order to point to the larger ethical and political impasse in which millions of Iranians find themselves."

缩影，微观世界（指一个较小的事物或群体，能代表或反映一个更大的整体）

"Panahi turns this revenge plot into a microcosm of Iranian society in order to point to the larger ethical and political impasse in which millions of Iranians find themselves."

改革的途径或渠道

"...especially when the avenues of reform and gradual change now seem closed?"

全神贯注的，心事重重的（指被某个问题或想法占据了全部心思）

"I believe these critics are missing how Panahi turns a political thriller into a vehicle for exploring a deeper, ethical dilemma, one that has preoccupied Iranians over the past decade."

令人难忘的，萦绕心头的（通常指令人不安或悲伤的）

"In Taxi (2015), Jafar Panahi stages a brief but haunting moment that, in retrospect, feels like the seed of his most recent film, It Was Just an Accident (2025)."