Vocabulary

插入；添加——此处指巴塔查尔吉在书中自由穿插文学和道德哲学片段

"Bhattacharjee's book, which describes Gandhi's final months, interpolates with a free hand snatches of literature and moral philosophy."

可互换的；可替代的——此处指甘地的形而上学将个人与世界视为可相互替代的

"Perry Anderson observed that Gandhi's metaphysics treated the person and the world as fungible."

自治；自我统治——印度独立运动中的核心概念，甘地赋予其精神和政治双重含义

"He noted the dual connotations of swaraj, or 'self-rule', which was 'far from simply political. It was mastery of the passions and of the senses in the ascent of the soul'"

虚幻的；嵌合体的——此处指甘地体现了一种将权威与关怀融合的不可能理想

"Gandhi embodied a chimeric ideal of authority and care, in opposition to the sexual violence, revenge and honour-killing that was taking place across India."

祭祀；火祭——印度教中的一种仪式性献祭

"He likened their trial to a yagna, a ritual fire sacrifice."

让步；变宽容——此处指甘地最终放弃在诺阿卡利的坚持，转往比哈尔

"In due course, he would relent and go to Bihar, then to Delhi"

圣徒传；理想化传记——此处为隐含对比，指对甘地的过度美化

"In the LRB in 2012, Perry Anderson could still describe a reverent consensus around the Mahatma"

灯塔；指路明灯——此处比喻甘地作为民族运动的指引

"It was a strange place to find the beacon of the national movement as India careened towards self-government."

令人心酸的；痛切的——此处形容奈保尔创造的一个意象既美丽又悲伤

"V.S. Naipaul, reviewing Gandhi's autobiography in 1976, invented a poignant image"

散落于；布满——此处指穷人在甘地走过的小路上撒满绿叶

"Seventeen years before, on the Salt March, at the other end of India, the poor had sometimes strewn his path with cool green leaves."

非暴力抵抗；真理之力——甘地创造的术语，指通过非暴力方式坚持真理的政治行动

"It was the high-water mark of satyagraha, or 'truth force', the term Gandhi coined for his practice of non-violent resistance."

实践；行动——此处指甘地在最小规模上实践其哲学

"Having failed to validate it at the level of the nation or district, he attempted the smallest scale of praxis: go to a village, stay there."

地名辞典；地志——此处指记载诺阿卡利地区地理与统计信息的官方出版物

"The countryside was described in the gazetteer as 'a vast rice plain … where rich groves of areca nut and coconut palms rising out from the dense undergrowth of Mandar [coral] trees … make every village look like a forest'"

梵行；禁欲——印度教修行中的一个阶段，指禁欲和独身

"May it not be because I have temporised in the question of brahmacharya?"

清洗；肃清——此处指对印度教家庭的系统性清除

"His militia blocked the roads and docks, cut telegraph lines and stopped trains from entering the district, as the purge of Hindu households began."

被吸纳；被拉拢——此处指农民运动被穆斯林联盟吸收利用

"An organised local movement of peasants and sharecroppers was co-opted in the 1940s by the Muslim League"

使（船）沉没；破坏——此处指英国人凿沉船只以阻止日军推进

"Boats and vehicles were confiscated or scuttled and huge amounts of rice disposed of."

充满...的；拥挤的——此处形容加尔各答贫民窟的拥挤景象

"through the crowded bazaars, the teeming chawls and tenements"

拖延；敷衍——此处指甘地自责在禁欲问题上有所妥协或拖延

"May it not be because I have temporised in the question of brahmacharya?"

（印度英语）多层廉价公寓；贫民住房——特指孟买、加尔各答等地的工人宿舍

"through the crowded bazaars, the teeming chawls and tenements"

渗透；潜入——此处指印度教民族主义者指责孟加拉穆斯林移民'渗透'印度

"The contention is that Bengali-speaking Muslims are 'infiltrating' India, demographically transforming and 'Islam-ising' eastern states."

（孟加拉语）渗透者；非法潜入者——特指被指控非法进入印度的孟加拉穆斯林移民

"India's most inflamed arguments about national identity revolve around the figure of the ghuspetia, a Bengali Muslim 'infiltrator'."

（印度英语）乡村地区；外省——此处指诺阿卡利是远离都市的偏远乡村

"Noakhali was a swampy, mofussil district midway between Dhaka and Chittagong"

非暴力——源自梵语，甘地哲学的核心概念

"By that example of ahimsa, he hoped to reverse the tide of violence that was carrying India towards Partition."

顽固的；执拗的——此处指甘地那些不可理喻的固执行为

"which he then assailed with a catalogue of Gandhi's missteps and obdurate follies"

巴洛克式的；过分繁复的——此处形容内阁使团提出的妥协方案极其复杂荒谬

"The weary cabinet mission arrived at a baroque compromise to end the deadlock."

厌恶；憎恨——此处指阿姆贝德卡对甘地的极度反感

"an introduction to Annihilation of Caste (1936) by B.R. Ambedkar, a leader of the untouchables, explaining his contempt for Gandhi"

虔敬的；恭敬的——此处指对甘地近乎宗教崇拜的公众态度

"In the LRB in 2012, Perry Anderson could still describe a reverent consensus around the Mahatma, which he then assailed with a catalogue of Gandhi's missteps and obdurate follies."

疾驰；失控般地冲向——此处指印度急速走向自治

"It was a strange place to find the beacon of the national movement as India careened towards self-government."

基座；崇拜地位——此处指甘地被神化的崇高地位

"The last generation of his disciples is dying off, and his pedestal can now be dismantled."

反复讨论以解决问题；彻底商讨——此处指内阁使团试图通过谈判敲定独立条款

"This was the conclusion of the cabinet mission dispatched by the prime minister, Clement Attlee, to Delhi and Shimla to thrash out the terms of independence."

安抚；绥靖——此处指甘地被指责为讨好穆斯林而牺牲印度教徒利益

"that Gandhi was a misguided pacifist who had appeased Muslims and compromised Hindu interests"

对手；敌对者——在此语境中指甘地政治与思想上的反对者

"Gandhi's adversaries seem to have prevailed."

祭坛——此处比喻诺阿卡利作为自我牺牲的圣所

"The local situation was 'an altar for self-sacrifice'."

瓦解；崩溃——此处指印度教徒与穆斯林之间的信任正在解体

"Still, it was clear that the increasing bloodshed and unravelling trust between India's Muslims and Hindus required a constitutional remedy before any transfer of power."

极其恶劣的；令人震惊的——此处指甘地言论中最令人反感的那些

"Gandhi's vast correspondence was combed for its most egregious or dated remarks."

怪人；偏执狂——此处指甘地被贬为虔诚的印度教怪癖者

"he was effete but a bully, a pious Hindu crank, a Muslim-lover"

柔弱的；颓废的——此处指甘地被批评者视为缺乏男子气概

"he was effete but a bully, a pious Hindu crank, a Muslim-lover"

使坚强；使坚定——此处指曼努面对诺阿卡利的恐怖画面时反而更加坚定留下

"the more terrible and darker the picture you draw of Noakhali, the more is my mind steeled to stay"

煽动性的；纵火的——此处指萨瓦尔发表了一篇极具煽动性的演讲

"On 10 October, Gulam Sarwar gave an incendiary speech in the district's main bazaar."

奇袭，突袭（法语军事术语，指以速度和突然性夺取目标的战术行动）

"As in the Masala scenario, Russia envisions a bloodless coup de main. Instead, US ground forces make quick work of the first wave of Russian soldiers and then dig in to stall the invasion until help can arrive."

转移扩散的（原为医学术语，指癌细胞从原发部位扩散到身体其他部位；此处隐喻俄罗斯被描绘为不断扩散的癌症）

"But the war-fi accounts all conveniently ascribe this to dynamics endogenous to Russia, which figures as a metastasising cancer for which one is either prepared or not."

内生的，内部产生的（此处指战争风险被归因于俄罗斯内部动力，而非北约自身行为）

"But the war-fi accounts all conveniently ascribe this to dynamics endogenous to Russia, which figures as a metastasising cancer for which one is either prepared or not."

不流血的快速突袭（coup de main 为法语军事术语，指以突然袭击方式迅速夺取目标的行动）

"As in the Masala scenario, Russia envisions a bloodless coup de main. Instead, US ground forces make quick work of the first wave of Russian soldiers and then dig in to stall the invasion until help can arrive."

后勤方面的卓越能力（此处形容美国向欧洲大规模空运军队和装备的能力）

"The US president orders a huge airlift of troops and equipment to Europe in 'the greatest display of logistical prowess the modern world had ever seen'."