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前进的动力、势头（持续朝着目标前进的动能）
"And it provides clear direction and forward momentum for the future."
陷入…泥潭，被…困住（无法前进或摆脱）
"It recognizes the ugly parts of American history without getting mired in them."
宣称对…拥有权利，宣称有权得到…（带有自信和决心的意味）
"Here was a black man with a Muslim name, raised by a single mother, shaped by his work in Chicago communities, staking his claim to the nation's story"
九一一事件后的时代（特指2001年恐怖袭击后的文化和政治氛围）
"In that post-9/11 era, my friends and I in the social sector were thrilled by Obama's rise."
基本原则，最重要的一条规则（不可违反的核心准则）
"His formative years were spent as a community organizer, a profession that relies on storytelling to bring people together and whose cardinal rule is 'never do for others what they can do for themselves.'"
精神特质，集体信念体系（一个群体共享的核心价值观和品格）
"These organizations shared a common ethos: to recognize that talent exists everywhere, to build excellent institutions to nurture people's potential, and to cooperate across differences to lift people up."
黄金时代，鼎盛时期
"The early 2000s was a golden era for the social sector."
（房屋、公寓等）简朴的，不大的（暗示谦虚、不张扬的品质）
"There were maybe 25 people milling about a modest condo belonging to early Obama fundraisers Alan and Andrea Solow."
（人群）闲逛，无目的地走动
"There were maybe 25 people milling about a modest condo belonging to early Obama fundraisers Alan and Andrea Solow."
为实现…而协调一致（各方为共同目标而协同运作）
"I was reminded of a time when our politics was more hopeful, our social sector was more constructive, and the two were aligned in the service of the nation."
标志性的，具有象征意义的（在此指那些成为时代符号的演讲）
"Looking at photos of the young Obama as a community organizer in Chicago, watching video clips of those iconic speeches that marked his dream-like rise from a nobody to leader of the free world"
冒险行事，承担后果（强调做某事会带来危险或不良后果）
"And why the social sector abandons his philosophy at its peril."
（法语）全权；自由处置权；空白授权书
"Incentivizing greater payload processing capacity when market forces discourage it neither equals a blank check to industry nor carte blanche for nationalization."
（尤指作为恩惠或赐予）给予，允许；惠赐，赐予
"If the state lacks the ability to vouchsafe such networks in war, it has failed the first test of statecraft."
国家主导或指导经济体发展的政策或主义
"One man’s dirigisme is another man’s Atlas Shrugged."
模仿的；拟态的；具有模仿性质的
"As China exemplifies, the space arms race has become mimetic; the People's Liberation Army is attempting to develop capabilities while seeking to weaken those same capabilities in American hands."
（军事）齐射，齐发；引申为（一连串的）攻击或激烈批评中的第一轮
"An off-Earth system had become the “prime target in the opening salvos of an attack.”"
（原指河道中的）原木堵塞；（引申指）僵局，停滞，卡住的状态
"Where the market has failed to produce adequate processing capacity, DPA incentives can free rockets from the logjam and ensure U.S. deterrent superiority."
授予；赋予（权力、权利、荣誉等）
"Based on the War Powers Acts of 1941 and 1942, the DPA “confers upon the President a broad set of authorities to influence domestic industry in the interest of national defense.”"
艰难地收回或夺回（通常指权力、资金或利益）
"Since the opening of the Cold War, however, Congress has clawed back some of the more expansive authorities (e.g., price controls)."
作为……的通道，传达，通灵（此处指贝尔曼模仿或借用了里尔克的诗歌力量）
"Rilke may have been a ‘jerk’, but Berryman is here channelling the opening lines of the first Duino elegy and the terrifying angel that ‘serenely disdains/to annihilate us’."
圣徒传记；引申为过分美化或理想化的传记
"The opening lines of his elegy for Robert Frost are equally keen to avoid hagiography: ‘His malice was a pimple down his good / big face, with its sly eyes.’"
总是一再重演；某种痛苦的回忆或幽灵般的事件无休止地循环出现
"Starts again always in Henry’s ears / the little cough somewhere, an odour, a chime."
成功；弥补，修好；在此上下文中指‘弥补、挽回某种情形的过错或损失’
"There sat down, once, a thing on Henry’s heart / só heavy, if he had a hundred years / & more, & weeping, sleepless, in all them time / Henry could not make good."
在光谱的另一端，截然相反；指两个事物处于完全对立或不同的极端
"His early worship of Yeats inculcated a concept of poetry at the opposite end of the spectrum from that of, say, Allen Ginsberg, whose mantra was ‘First thought, best thought.’"
滑稽可笑的，荒谬怪的；愚蠢狂诞的
"In the event, the zany deformations, the insults, the whimsy, the hysteria, the caustic comments on public events..."
走出来的路，惯例，常规；指被众人走熟、毫无新意的老路
"...he was able to trust his instincts and veer dramatically off the beaten path established by the New Critics."
突然转向，偏离（尤指方向、主题或行为方式）
"...he was able to trust his instincts and veer dramatically off the beaten path established by the New Critics."
公开侮辱，有意冒犯
"An element of truculence drives the poem’s violations of syntax, its absurd disjunctions and its sinister collaging of the childish and the gruesome in a way that deliberately affronts the reader."
退行的，倒退回早期或更幼稚的发展阶段
"Here Henry and Mabel indulge in the delights of regressive pillow talk, but no context is evoked to help us place the voices or what they are trying to say."
轻松愉快的，欢欣鼓舞的；有浮力的（在此指一种乐观、弹性和升腾的基调）
"...that looks forward to the buoyant humour and vertiginous angst of The Dream Songs."
喧嚣的，动荡的；激烈、混乱且充满情绪波动的
"At the time, he was also embroiled in a tumultuous affair with the wife of a Princeton colleague."
卷入，纠缠于（尤指麻烦或冲突之中）
"At the time, he was also embroiled in a tumultuous affair with the wife of a Princeton colleague."
类比，类推（指出两者在特定方面的相似性，以此解释或论证）
"In an illuminating essay from the mid-1990s, Helen Vendler posited an analogy between the eighteen-line format of each Dream Song and the time and space of the therapeutic hour."
假定，认为；断定（作为讨论的前提或基础）
"In an illuminating essay from the mid-1990s, Helen Vendler posited an analogy between the eighteen-line format of each Dream Song and the time and space of the therapeutic hour."
取代者，篡位者（指取代了原有者地位和身份的人）
"Within three months she was married to John Angus Berryman and her sons’ surnames had been changed to that of the supplanter."
亵渎，污损（神圣之物）
"...to desecrate the corpse: When will indifference come, I moan & rave / I’d like to scrabble till I got right down / away down under the grass / and axe the casket open ha to see / just how he’s taking it..."
含糊不清地说；意识模糊导致的言语不清，此处引申为意识的模糊和语言的解构
"Among the great innovations of The Dream Songs is Berryman’s ability to reproduce on the page the slurring of consciousness and disintegration of language when subjected to such pressures."
被诅咒的诗人（指那些生活放荡不羁、与社会格格不入，常常陷入贫困和绝望，但因其天才和悲剧性而受到崇拜的诗人）
"However, like his previous two wives, she had grown weary of life with a poète maudit: the incessant womanising, the slapping (in public), the nights in the drunk tank, the delirium tremens..."
预演，预先演练（在此指他在脑海中详细地计划和排演自己的自杀过程）
"In this final experiment in the eighteen-line three-stanza form that had become as addictive to Berryman as alcohol, he rehearses in some detail his forthcoming suicide."
悼亡诗，挽歌（在此上下文中，指无时无刻不在萦绕，仿佛为“我”而作的挽歌般的死亡阴影）
"‘Iused to want to live to avoid your elegy,’ Robert Lowell wrote in ‘For John Berryman’"
弱小的，微不足道的（指人类的智力在面对基因组的复杂性时显得无力）
"But the processes that govern gene regulation are proving so complex that some biologists wonder whether a full understanding of it — of how the genome really works — will ever be within the grasp of our puny minds."
递归的，循环的（本文指基因组是一个自指的、自我参考的系统）
"That makes the genome rather like a recursive, self-referential system that the computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter dubbed “a strange loop.”"
混杂的；不加区分的（本文中指microRNA同时与多个mRNA结合，缺乏特异性）
"The microRNAs don’t do this job alone but, not unlike transcription factors, act combinatorially, in groups, and in a rather promiscuous manner: A given microRNA might regulate many mRNAs, and a given mRNA might be regulated by many microRNAs."
转瞬即逝地，短暂地
"Rather, the components appear to form a loose but dense blob in which they interact rather weakly, fleetingly, and indiscriminately — a sort of committee, sometimes called a condensate."
疯狂的，离谱的（口语化的强烈措辞，表示某事难以置信或不合常理）
"The existence of such so-called “distal” enhancers “seems bonkers,” Bickmore said."
精妙的，极致的（本文中指增强子具有极其精确的特异性）
"“That’s what gives [an enhancer] that exquisite specificity — because it’s only in a particular cell at a particular time that you have the right combination of factors to bind and activate that enhancer.”"
精心安排；密谋组织（本文中指蛋白质分子'管理'或'协调'细胞的化学反应）
"The traditional view posits that a small proportion of our DNA holds the code for making the protein molecules that orchestrate our cells’ chemistry."
（无明确计划地）修补，摆弄（文中指进化过程不是精心设计，而是随性改进现有部件）
"One potential answer is that evolution doesn’t have the foresight to design with efficiency and transparent logic, but merely tinkers with what it has already available."
假设……为真；认定（某一观点）
"The traditional view posits that a small proportion of our DNA holds the code for making the protein molecules that orchestrate our cells’ chemistry."