Vocabulary

(生态威权) 幻想；不可能实现的妄想

"The eco-authoritarian chimera also sidesteps the tough but unavoidable question of how the virtuous technocrats are to be selected and constrained—the classical problem of who will guard the guardians, which no eco-authoritarian has satisfactorily answered."

安抚，平息（某人的怒气、不满）

"Democratic politicians, by contrast, must constantly placate voters and campaign donors, skewing policy toward immediate gratification."

不受阻碍的，没有负担的

"Authoritarian leaders, the argument goes, are unencumbered by electoral cycles, and thus can make investments that democracies are unable to but which are necessary for development."

认识论孤立；信息或知识环境上的闭塞

"An autocrat’s epistemic isolation, it turns out, is not a strategic asset—it is a liability."

铁律；不可改变的、普遍适用的法则

"And no two modern democracies have ever gone to war with each other—a remarkable empirical regularity, an iron law, that has held for two centuries."

粗暴地、肆无忌惮地践踏或无视（他人或规则）

"This charge resurfaced in the 1930s, when authoritarian Germany and Japan ran roughshod over unprepared democracies, and again during the first three decades of the Cold War, when the Soviet Union seemed to outmaneuver its wealthier Western rivals."

智胜，在策略上胜过（对手）

"This charge resurfaced in the 1930s, when authoritarian Germany and Japan ran roughshod over unprepared democracies, and again during the first three decades of the Cold War, when the Soviet Union seemed to outmaneuver its wealthier Western rivals."

巩固，使（地位、权力等）稳固

"Countries that successfully consolidate free and fair elections face substantially lower risks of civil war and domestic political violence than authoritarian states."

海市蜃楼；幻想，无法实现的事物

"They do not show autocracies to be superior—on the contrary, the autocratic temptation is, in most domains, a mirage, or even a trap."

煽动民心的政客，蛊惑人心的政治家

"The charges echo those we find all the way back to Plato: democracies are short-sighted, paralyzed by special interests, prone to electing demagogues, and incapable of making the sacrifices that the challenges of the day require."

(争论或辩论中可以攻击对方的) 把柄，炮火

"The academic literature has supplied these critics with plentiful ammunition."

对威权体制（或独裁统治）的诱惑/向往

"This vision—or autocratic temptation, if you will—has been popular as far back as we have documented political theory, and it still has plenty of champions today."

准备长期坚持或投入；着眼于长远

"Where elected governments bend to lobbyists and electoral cycles, a dictator is in for the long haul."

(为达成协议而) 讨价还价，争论不休

"Where democratic leaders haggle, delay, and pander, the authoritarian ruler simply acts."

挥之不去的恐惧或忧虑；幽灵般的威胁

"A specter haunts debates about governance: the idea of benevolent and efficient dictatorship."

依靠或炫耀武力来胁迫他国屈服的外交政策，特别是针对弱小国家。

"The foreign ministry has responded to Washington’s gunboat diplomacy by signalling that it would welcome US participation in Cuba’s ‘economic transformation’, but has ruled out political change."

一种经过刻意设计、看似不经意实则用心的邋遢或凌乱状态。

"A local resident told me he had seen plainclothes state security agents – distinguishable by their studied dishevelment and standard-issue black leather shoes – in the crowd on 17 March, taking photographs on their phones."

旨在安抚、平息怒气或敌意的回应。

"This conciliatory response marked a departure from the government’s approach in July 2021, when 1400 protesters were detained and several hundred were jailed, some for as long as 25 years."

从（某物中）窃取或抽取（一部分，通常是最好或最有价值的部分）。

"In 2010, figures showed that a quarter of all imports were skimmed off for redistribution on the black market."

小规模地、零星地偷窃（尤指少量值钱物品）。

"They source staples on the black market or trade items that have been obtained por la izquierda, under the counter (often pilfered from state enterprises)."

逐渐的、分阶段的消耗或枯竭。

"Over the years I noted the incremental depletion of ration supplies and the mounting desperation of those who depended on them."

字面义‘通过左边’，是古巴俚语，意为‘走后门’、‘通过不正当手段’、‘私下交易’。

"They source staples on the black market or trade items that have been obtained por la izquierda, under the counter (often pilfered from state enterprises)."

精打细算地使用（有限的资源），使其能维持更长时间。

"In 2010, the monthly rations could be eked out for perhaps twelve days."

在此语境下指通过补贴和控制被人为压低、保持在低水平（的价格）。

"And for decades the prices of certain goods and services were depressed by subsidies and controls."

秘密地、偷偷摸摸地，尤指因为害怕被捉住或不被允许而进行的行为。

"Employees at the state service stations sublet to MIPYMEs told me of a ‘golden hour’ before 7 a.m. (when the inspectors arrived), during which petrol was surreptitiously sold without restrictions."

西班牙语习语，字面义‘切鳕鱼的人’，意为‘说了算的人’、‘幕后掌权者’、‘真正的老大’。

"(Miguel Díaz-Canel has been president since 2018 but every Cuban knows that, even at the age of 95, Raúl is still el que corta el bacalao – the one who calls the shots.)"

合并，将两个不同的概念或事物混为一谈

"As others have pointed out, the UK has a long-standing tendency to conflate science policy with industrial policy..."

非常地，极其地（语气比'very'强烈得多）

"I left my job at a university in the Midlands last year after choosing not to undertake the exceedingly unpleasant task of applying for my current job on far worse terms."

（此处指政府层面的）协调，统筹安排

"But co-ordination alone will not solve the deeper problem..."

管理主义，指一种过度强调管理技术、量化目标和效率，而忽略机构核心使命的意识形态

"Managerialism isn’t simply something imposed by government. Too many universities have embraced it with enthusiasm."

重新分层，再次形成等级结构

"It is the quiet restratification of intellectual life."

（比喻义）使...空洞化，掏空其核心内容和实质

"The hollowing out of senates and academic self-government matters here."

（建筑学）中庭，门廊大厅

"the conviction that a university demonstrates its seriousness through the construction of vast atria filled with coffee franchises and collaborative seating."

（在管理和财政语境中）可生存的、可盈利的、可持续的

"they are closed because they are 'not viable'."

（将外部的价值观或理念）内化，使之成为自身的一部分

"Universities have internalised the language of the settlement that has weakened them."

（此处为引申义）一种达成的（政治或经济）协议安排、体制

"Universities have internalised the language of the settlement that has weakened them."

（此处为比喻义）一场浩大的、毁灭性的焚烧或清除行动

"Bonfire of the Universities"

成为...的首要关注点，使...全神贯注

"The issue Collini’s piece implicitly but never quite explicitly raises is the one that should preoccupy politicians of all parties."

易怒的、暴躁的，尤指对小事不耐烦

"Senior management got very tetchy when any of us referred to this as a ‘fire and rehire’ scheme, which is what it was."

（拉丁语）战前（或之前）的状态；原状

"So he has chosen to back down and accept a return to the status quo ante from before he began the war on February 28."

（在此语境下）据称的；声称的；所谓的（暗示怀疑或不可信）

"So Trump’s purported deal achieves considerably less than the agreement that Obama made."

（在此语境下）严厉批评；申斥；谴责

"The MOU that Trump celebrated is a worse agreement than Obama’s 2015 deal, which Trump endlessly castigated in the past."

（在此语境下）动摇；让步；（在某个立场上）改变主意

"It is very unlikely that Iran will budge over the next two months, since it is precisely these issues that speak to the regime’s core identity."

（在此语境下）有争议的；易引起争论的

"The reported “Memorandum of Understanding” (MOU) kicks all of the contentious issues down the road into negotiations that are to take place during the 60-day ceasefire."

（在此语境下）放松；减轻（对...的）压力或强度

"There was no agreement by Iran to let up on the violent suppression of protesters."

（在此语境下）向...投降；屈从于...的要求

"With this ceasefire, Trump has capitulated to Iran."