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时间迷失、时间定向障碍；指社会或文化失去了对时间方向（过去-现在-未来）的正常感知
"One of the most striking features of the contemporary moment in the United States, and in the West more generally, is the sense of temporal disorientation."
怀旧、乡愁；在此指对某个被理想化的过去的执着，妨碍了对未来的想象
"In fact, it is essentially sitting out the game, trapped in nostalgia and short-termism, as China consciously builds institutions and infrastructures designed to project power across decades."
源泉、源头；指力量或灵感的根本来源
"Perhaps what has been most keenly lost is the sense that the wellsprings of national strength come from thinking intergenerationally and harnessing the power of the future, both in terms of planning and rhetoric."
短期主义；指过度关注短期利益而忽视长远规划的系统性倾向
"In fact, it is essentially sitting out the game, trapped in nostalgia and short-termism, as China consciously builds institutions and infrastructures designed to project power across decades."
惆怅的、渴望的（带有淡淡忧伤的怀念）
"But as its name suggests, its orientation to time is deeply nostalgic; a wistful longing for some poorly articulated and mythical past."
表面泡沫；比喻浮于表面的、无实质意义的喧嚣
"The real contest between China and the United States is not the surface froth of conflict over tariffs, shifting military capabilities, or even the development of frontier technologies like artificial intelligence or clean energy."
漂泊无依的、失去方向的；在此指美国在历史潮流中缺乏方向感
"And with little apparent inclination to do so, rarely has the country seemed more adrift in the flow of history."
肌腱；引申为力量的来源或支柱。此处'flex the sinews of American might'意为展示美国力量的肌肉
"As the Trump administration uses its second term to try to flex the sinews of American might, the sources of American power have never seemed less well understood."
漩涡、涡流；比喻一种无法逃脱的、将人卷入其中的力量或状态
"The United States is often considered to be a young country, but the fear now is that it is caught in a vortex of self-regarding ennui."
引力、吸引力；比喻一种无法抗拒的、将事物拉向某个方向的强大力量
"Can a new generation of Americans, now quite far removed in time from its founders, recover within themselves and within these foundational principles, the sources of renewal that will allow them to break with the gravitational pull of history's cycles of decline and fall?"
永恒的当下；指一种文化或政治状态，其中人们只关注现在，失去了与过去和未来的有机联系
"For many decades now, the political and economic culture seems trapped in a perpetual present that emphasizes short-term cycles: two-year midterm electoral cycles, four-year turnarounds in administrations whose legislative achievements are immediately unpicked by the next regime, quarterly business cycles that curtail long-term investment, 24-hour news cycles..."
停滞、静止状态；指一种缺乏变化和发展的僵化状态
"For decades this state of stasis was undisturbed by a significant external threat or real geopolitical competitor, and so its corrosive effects were overlooked."
初次获得经验、在某处开始职业生涯；字面意为'磨牙'，比喻在某个领域积累最初的经验
"The New Deal emerged out of the New York context, where Roosevelt cut his teeth politically before becoming president."
尾声、终曲；原为音乐术语，指乐曲的结束段落，引申为任何事物的结尾部分
"Here then is a coda, from, of all places, Angola."
被扼杀的、被窒息的；比喻被压制而无法发展
"America's ability to construct a future better than its past, despite many of the technological building blocks already in place, is, they argue, strangled by red tape, an excessively legalistic culture, increasingly polarized politics..."
吉利的、预示好运的；在此语境中指具有重大纪念意义的（如建国250周年这样的重要年份）
"In an auspicious year — the 250th since its founding — the United States has looked back to its revolutionary past but has shown little indication of developing a clear vision for its future."
使失去效力、使无害化；原意为阉割，引申为使某物丧失力量或功能
"And yet the seemingly permanent constraint on the temporal horizon is effectively neutering the West's ability to meet either challenge."
法典、手抄本；指古代的手写书籍或系统化的法律/知识汇编
前排座位；比喻占据可以近距离观察重要事件发生的有利位置
"California's outgoing governor, Gavin Newsom, who's also potentially gearing up for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2028, has had a ringside seat as Silicon Valley has pushed the boundaries of AI in recent years."
共生的、互利共存的；原为生物学概念，指两种生物互相依存的关��
"Trump's approach breaks the symbiotic connection between a beneficial international order and the public goods and advantages that flow from it."
做好准备（迎接冲击）——此处为不及物动词用法，意为'做好心理准备'
"You need to brace."
重塑；重新构造——作为名词指被重新塑造的事物
"I'm less certain about whether new generations of mathematicians will be attracted to this remade discipline."
创造性所有权——对自己创造性贡献的归属感和掌控感
"But it seems less likely that they will frequently experience the same moments of clarity or sense of creative ownership."
削弱；侵蚀（根基）——从底层逐渐破坏某事物的基础
"And AI is itself undermining the kind of education that would be necessary for that role."
素食者——此处为比喻用法，指有节制地使用 AI 的人（AI '素食者'）
"Goh and a growing number of mathematicians are starting to consider themselves AI "vegetarians," consciously measured in their use of the technology."
泛滥；被淹没——指投稿量超出系统承载能力
"Journals and the online preprint server arxiv.org have been overrun with AI-assisted or AI-generated proofs"
猜想——数学中尚未被证明但被认为正确的命题
"Others are posting their papers before they're ready in order to avoid getting scooped. Journals and the online preprint server arxiv.org have been overrun with AI-assisted or AI-generated proofs"
费力不讨好的——付出劳动却得不到认可的工作
"which forces researchers to do the hard, currently thankless work of rewriting the proofs so they can actually benefit the mathematical community"
系统表述；构想——将想法以清晰、有条理的方式表达出来
"They'll have to rewrite AI proofs, find more elegant arguments, come up with theories and frameworks and definitions, ask questions, formulate new conjectures"
挖角；挖走人才——从其他机构吸引走关键人员
"Companies such as OpenAI and Anthropic are competing directly against mathematicians (and poaching many of them) to quickly prove theorems"
学术研讨会——学术机构中定期举行的讲座与讨论会
"This came up at the Berkeley colloquium, too."
模糊的；朦胧的——指难以精确定义或把握的（技能、概念）
"There aren't easy answers for more nebulous skills such as understanding, communication, and vision."
卸载；转移——此处指将认知任务推给机器
"There's nothing rewarding or interesting or fun about offloading their cognition to a machine, they argue."
支撑；构成基础——此处指 AI 正在侵蚀数学教育的基础
"And AI is itself undermining the kind of education that would be necessary for that role."
使脱离；解绑——此处指将问题解决能力与职业晋升脱钩
"There is a more optimistic alternative — assuming a new incentive structure that disengages problem-solving and theorem-proving from jobs, advancement, and recognition."
梦游——比喻在无意识状态下走向灾难
"We're not going to sleepwalk into that."
反驳；回击——以尖锐或愤怒的方式迅速回答
"a third retorted, hands trembling: "What are you doing? What is your 'very best'?""
被废黜；被赶下王位——此处比喻人类数学家失去了在定理证明领域的统治地位
"Human mathematicians are forevermore dethroned as the main theorem-proving entities on planet earth."
书信；信函——此处特指在网上发表的公开信或博文
"Other online missives expressed optimism, but many revealed some combination of grief, confusion, and fear."
模糊的；不精确的——此处指数学核心中那些难以精确定义的美学与直觉概念
"It prizes logic and certainty, but at its core lie fuzzier notions of beauty, intuition, and depth."
省略；略去——此处指 AI 生成的证明跳过了关键细节
"They elide salient details and waste pages on irrelevant concepts."
显著的；突出的——指最为重要或最引人注目的（细节）
"They elide salient details and waste pages on irrelevant concepts."
惯性；惰性——比喻体制或文化抗拒改变的倾向
"It will be hard. Inertia is powerful."
焦虑；苦恼——一种深层的、存在性的不安
"Goh is one of many young mathematicians struggling with the angst such a future is producing"
啄；一点一点地敲击——此处比喻数学家以极大努力一点点攻克难题
"Mathematicians will be spending less time trying to peck on the permafrost, getting out mathematical gems with great effort"
无实际意义的；已成定论的——此处指可能已被 AI 解决的问题不值得再研究
"This has the further effect of discouraging mathematicians from working on questions that might already be moot."
被抢先发表——学术界术语，指他人的研究成果先于自己发表
"Others are posting their papers before they're ready in order to avoid getting scooped."
低质量的内容——此处特指 AI 批量生成的粗制滥造的数学证明
"Many mathematicians expect AI-generated arguments to graduate from slop to more elegant writing soon enough"
永久冻土——此处为比喻用法，指数学中极难攻克、需要巨大努力才能'解冻'的深层问题
"Mathematicians will be spending less time trying to peck on the permafrost, getting out mathematical gems with great effort."
阐述；详细解释——此处指数学论文中对证明过程的清晰书写
"perhaps within a few years, Litt said, "we're reading beautifully written expositions of highly interesting results.""