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不受阻碍的，通行无阻的（此处指中微子几乎不与物质发生相互作用）
"Having almost no mass and no charge, these particles can pass through Earth and everything on it, including our bodies, virtually unimpeded."
无数的，大量的（带有'多到难以计数'的文学色彩）
"Neutrino oscillations, and the myriad mysteries they give rise to, have driven the development of the newest wave of detectors."
振荡，来回摆动（此处指中微子在三种不同'味'之间相互转换）
"Neutrinos come in three different “flavors” (electron, muon, and tau) and can oscillate, or switch, between them."
差异，不一致，矛盾（特指本应一致的数据或事实之间出现了不符合预期的情况）
"Kamiokande and Koshiba confirmed Davis’ shortfall, and a second, even larger detector, Super-Kamiokande, as well as Canada’s Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, explained the discrepancy."
奇特的，异乎寻常的（此处指实验探测器不仅在规模上巨大，在设计理念和材料使用上也极其特殊）
"So the answer scientists came up with was to build some of the biggest, deepest, and most exotic experimental traps in scientific history … and then wait."
壮观的景象或表演（此处是比喻用法，将恒星内部的核反应比作绚烂的烟花）
"If nuclear reactions produce neutrinos, could we use them to peer at the nuclear fireworks inside stars, including the sun?"
顽皮鬼，吵闹鬼（在此指代无法被直接探测到的中微子，带有隐喻色彩）
"They called the experiment “Project Poltergeist,” designed as it was to catch a ghost."
假设，假定（在科学语境中，指提出一个尚未被证明但可作为推理基础的理论）
"I have postulated a particle that cannot be detected."
仔细看，凝视（此处隐喻'通过中微子观察'，暗示这是一种间接且需要专注的探测方式）
"If nuclear reactions produce neutrinos, could we use them to peer at the nuclear fireworks inside stars, including the sun?"
名义上的；标题所指的（这里指漫画标题中的角色）
"She became the titular figure of a comic strip, was featured in news clippings from a generally laudatory gay press, and turned up in Vogue and even Playboy."
推动力；促使行动或变化的动力
"The impetus for lacing up her rollerskates may have begun as a simple longing to avoid the crowds on her Lexington Avenue line, but it evolved into a form of performance and public expression unlike anything New York had seen."
装饰华丽的；精致复杂的
"Gliding about on tall, black vintage rollerskates, she became a celebrity presence, recognizable by her flowing gown, ornate hats, rhinestoned glasses, and wand."
前身；先驱（指在其出现之前已存在并预示其后续发展的某人或某物）
"But that favored account skips an earlier version: “Rollin Skeets,” a less transformed, first-draft figure who lightly obscured its creator behind an umbrella hat, horn, and goggles."
时尚的；别致的（常带有讽刺含义）
"a piece in the Philadelphia Gay News assumed that 'most New Yorkers, gay and not' already knew 'what to say to a man clad in a frilly gown your great-grandmother would have thought chic as he’s whizzing by on roller skates,' and it was: 'Hi! Rollerena!'"
无与伦比的；极好的（强调无法与其他事物相提并论）
"She also appeared at Easter parades and was waved in past long lines by bouncers at discos, including the incomparable Studio 54."
反公共领域（指与主流公共领域相对、由边缘群体构建的替代性公共空间）
"More than a broadly inclusive figure, Rollerena moved between communities and helped produce a unified queer counterpublic."
赞美的；表扬的（常用于正式或书面语）
"She became the titular figure of a comic strip, was featured in news clippings from a generally laudatory gay press, and turned up in Vogue and even Playboy."
故意夸张、做作、追求戏剧化效果的审美风格（常用于描述酷儿文化中的表演）
"Looking back, it is easy to mistake Rollerena for a charming camp novelty."
图像志；象征符号体系（这里指被符号化后的简化形象）
"Her visibility made her iconic, but iconography can flatten as easily as it elevates."
容量大的；能容纳多种含义或情感的
"Her public image was capacious enough that Rollerena could carry not only camp and sociability, but profound grief as well."
言语；表达（尤指带有强意或公共性的发言）
"The gesture was theatrical, but it also established the terms under which she meant to be heard."
全部剧目；完整技能储备（表演研究中指习惯性动作和表达手段的集合）
"Rollerena Fairy Godmother’s collection is not just an archive. It is also what performance scholars call a repertoire: the repeated gestures, stylings, movements, and appearances through which cultural memory is carried."
短暂性；转瞬即逝（强调存在时间的极短）
"Her collection preserves not only the traces of a public life, but evidence of a performer who refused to separate politics from performance and performance from ephemerality."
抗拒滑入被遗忘的状态；努力不被遗忘
"Rollerena seems to have understood this almost intuitively, resisting the slide into obscurity."
寻租/寻租。指企业或个体通过操纵社会或政治环境（如利用法律、补贴、关税保护），而不是通过创造新财富（如创新或提高效率）来获取超额利润的经济行为。
"The second is rent capture... tariffs in concentrated industries function as a subsidy to incumbents rather than a spur to entrants."
生存威胁。指一项威胁严重到足以导致某个实体（如公司、国家、文化）的终结或本质性的消亡。
"His verdict was unambiguous: “This is an existential threat.”"
原生地；内在地。形容一个功能或系统特性是特定系统架构固有的、融入其核心的，而不是作为附加功能或后期集成进去的。
"The standard will integrate AI inference natively into the network, delivered via edge architectures with sub-millisecond latencies..."
策略手册；战术模式。指一个组织或行业为应对特定情况而制定的一套标准、可重复使用的行动方案或既定策略。
"The German playbook, documented by MERICS in its report entitled The Bumpy Road Ahead in China for Germany’s Carmakers, is to relocate R&D to China and source from Chinese suppliers to remain competitive at home."
搁浅的；被困住的。比喻因缺乏必要的支持、环境或后续发展，而陷入停滞不前、无法进退的困境。
"Blocking imports without supporting the entire drone supply chain to expand capacity and production to create scale and price leaves America once again stranded in Bedrock."
相互加剧；使其他问题恶化。指一个问题不是孤立的，而是会与另一个问题叠加、交互作用，使整体情况变得更糟。
"each of which would be sufficient on its own to hinder investment, and each of which compounds the others."
首要问题；一级问题。在系统分析中，指最重要、最根本、如果不解决就会使其他所有努力都徒劳的问题。
"Another significant first-order problem with sectoral and product-level programs is that they are, by definition, narrow, controversial..."
模式；方式。在此指一种通常为负面的、典型的失败方式或结果。
"The result is two distinct failure modes, both visible in the post-2018 evidence ... The first is geographic arbitrage ... The second is rent capture."
地理套利。指企业利用不同国家或地区之间的政策差异（如关税、劳动成本、监管环境），将生产或运营活动转移到成本最低或最有利的地方，以获取利润。
"The first is geographic arbitrage ... Companies shift final assembly to Southeast Asia while retaining Chinese inputs, components, and tooling, circumventing tariffs without any domestic manufacturing benefit."
扭转；扭曲。在本文中是一个核心的复杂隐喻，指在供应链中，当政府只支持或补贴某一“层级”（layer）而忽略其上下游时，整个系统会产生一种非自然的、不协调的“扭力”或“拉扯”，导致结构性失衡。
"Another demonstration of the Bedrock trap arises in the industries just discussed: rare earths, semiconductors, and telecom infrastructure. They are effectively “layers” of the broader manufacturing supply chain. ... Torsion in the Supply Chain"
现任者；在位者。在此指已经在市场中占据主导地位的公司或企业，通常是现有体制的受益者。
"... tariffs in concentrated industries function as a subsidy to incumbents rather than a spur to entrants."
日落条款；自动终止。指法律规定（如税收优惠、政策）将在未来某个固定日期自动失效，除非被立法机构延长。
"The sunset structure is ten years at full credit followed by a seven-year phase-out, long enough to drive multi-decade capital investment decisions while building fiscal discipline."
平庸的；乏味的；平淡无奇的。相对于宏大、理想化的理论或战略，这个词用来形容具体、现实、甚至有些枯燥的实际情况。
"Behind the strategic stakes and the supply-chain torsion sits a more prosaic reality: a typical American manufacturer faces three reinforcing constraints..."
精妙绝伦的解决方案。在此上下文中有贬义，指那些为了达到最高性能或最复杂要求而设计出的、成本极高、定制化程度极强、难以大规模推广的工程方案。
"...drive its suppliers toward a combination of vertical integration to meet Buy America standards and exquisite solutions with custom built inputs."
人口老龄化。指一个国家或地区的人口年龄中位数上升，老年人口占比不断增加的现象。
"Note that demographic aging, weak successor pipelines, rising regulatory burdens, and modernization costs are now producing a growing succession crisis in Germany..."
萎缩；衰退。指由于缺乏使用、关注或投入，某种能力、产业或组织逐渐退化、衰败的过程。
"All three were allowed to atrophy under the assumption that markets would supply them on demand."
去风险。指通过识别、评估并采取措施来降低或消除特定活动或依赖可能带来的潜在风险，而非完全脱钩。
"in non-fossil energy, what the West calls “clean energy” China treats as strategic: derisking the Malacca Strait, balancing coal dependence, and building out the electric stack."
虚张声势；恐吓。指通过假装拥有比实际更强大的实力或决心来吓唬或欺骗对手，使其屈服。
"Without competitive manufacturing, economic statecraft is a bluff. China has spent thirty years preparing to call it."
杠杆；影响力。在此特指在谈判或冲突中，一方能够迫使或诱导另一方向其让步的筹码或优势。
"Consider that when China restricted rare earth exports in April 2025, the United States backed down for a simple reason: it had no leverage."
不可部署的；无法调用的。形容资源（在此指资本、创新能力等）虽然存在，但由于其他条件的缺失（如制造能力），无法在实际中有效运用或发挥作用。
"These are real assets. They are also, without broad-based competitive manufacturing, increasingly undeployable as instruments of statecraft."
掉下“潮流马车”，比喻曾经参与或支持某个潮流、运动或热门产业，但后来停止了跟进，落后了。
"But America just fell off the bandwagon of leading-edge and non-leading-edge manufactured goods across its entire supply chains."
“一条腿失能，另一条腿跛行”，一个比喻，比喻一个体系的两个方面都严重受损或功能不健全。
"Today, one leg is failing and the other is limping."
脊柱；主心骨。在此用作隐喻，指一个计划、论证或系统的核心、主干和支撑结构。
"They are the analytical spine of the legislative response."
触发机制；绊索。在军事战略中指一种前置部署（如少量部队），其作用是确保一旦受到攻击，会立即触发更大规模的军事反应，从而起到威慑作用。
"The military guarantee, which includes open sea lanes, forward deployment tripwires, assurance of competence, and the nuclear umbrella, creates a security dependency."
相互强化的优势；叠加效应带来的优势，指几种优势互相作用，产生比简单相加更大的效果。
"America’s strategic position rests on two compounding advantages: what America can do, and what its allies and partners cannot afford to lose."
更强壮的，肌肉更发达的
"Soon, though, advertisers and media shifted toward a brawnier form of male power."