Vocabulary

不相关的、无关紧要的，在特定语境中不适用或没有意义

"The strongest military power found itself making concessions to stabilize the very situation it had sought to control."

强制外交，通过威胁或有限使用武力来迫使对方改变行为的外交策略

"This outcome of the U.S.-Iran conflict will carry a broader lesson about coercive diplomacy; most critically, that the assumption that military pressure automatically produces political surrender is flawed."

威权主义的，强调绝对服从权威、压制个人自由的政治体制或态度

"Tehran appears to be pursuing what late Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has long described as “heroic flexibility”—a tactical adjustment designed to preserve the regime."

（复杂且通常是不利的）后果、衍生影响，尤指那些意想不到的长远结果

"Trump and Vice President J.D. Vance are both touting the deal as a diplomatic victory, although the long-term ramifications may be quite the opposite."

羞辱、丢脸，指被公开贬低或丧失尊严的状态

"Iran faced a major setback; its military was weakened, its deterrence diminished, and its leaders endured a level of humiliation that hadn’t been seen in decades."

根本性的转变、彻底的变革，尤指从一种意识形态或性质完全转化为另一种

"The United States was unable to compel the Islamic Republic to fundamentally change its ideological identity, regional posture, or strategic orientation."

利用（已有的资源或优势）作为杠杆、施加影响或获取利益

"Instead, Tehran leveraged one of its few remaining sources of influence—its ability to disrupt the global economy by closing the Strait of Hormuz."

放大恐惧，使本已存在的担忧变得更加严重和广泛

"By disrupting maritime traffic and amplifying fears of a prolonged energy shock, Iran demonstrated the economic costs of ongoing escalation."

造成重大损失或代价，尤指持续性的、难以避免的损害

"Iran demonstrated the economic costs of ongoing escalation. As oil and gas markets responded, pressure grew on Washington to find a quick resolution to the crisis, as even President Trump noted."

压倒一切的目标，凌驾于所有其他考虑之上的根本目标

"For years, the Islamic Republic has survived war, sanctions, domestic unrest, and international isolation because its leadership has seen regime survival as its overriding objective."

脆弱的；易碎的；不稳固的

"However, the Nowak and Floyd cases help to show why this solution is so fragile."

透过……过滤；被……所筛选或折射（指信息或事件通过某种框架或视角被理解和传播）

"In this way, the events were also filtered through counterfactual assumptions about how such an event could never have occurred had a white man stabbed a Sikh teenager and then falsely claimed to have been racially assaulted."

初期的；未成形的；不成熟的

"For most of those who live in this pseudo-environment, it doesn’t even exist as a fully articulated set of propositions. It involves inchoate feelings of identity, status, and grievance coupled with a high-level narrative..."

煽动；激起（通常是强烈的负面情绪或事件）

"The right’s impassioned reaction to Nowak’s death was assimilated to a broader, more familiar template: far-right demagogues and deplorables exploiting unrepresentative tragedies to whip up hatred and division."

贪婪地吞噬；迅速吸收（这里用作比喻）

"It is a highly charged interpretation of reality capable of gobbling up confirming information and screening out disconfirming information."

拟态环境；伪环境（指人们头脑中关于现实的简化、选择性图景，而非客观现实本身）

"The best account of this phenomenon comes from one of my intellectual heroes, Walter Lippmann, in his analysis of what he called the “pseudo-environment”: the highly selective, low-resolution compressions of reality that most citizens confuse for reality itself."

被拴在；被束缚于；与……连接（强调有限度的联系）

"All of this suggests that the “different worlds” panic is unfounded—that most citizens are more closely tethered to a shared reality than was assumed."

显著性；突出性；重要性

"Among the populist and far-right, the events were imbued with maximal political salience—not as an isolated or unrepresentative occurrence, but as a national emergency, a cause for a political reckoning."

使充满；灌输（某种特质、情感或色彩）

"Among the populist and far-right, the events were imbued with maximal political salience..."

夸张的；过分渲染的；言过其实的

"The first is a now-familiar body of research contending that post-2016 worries about fake news and misinformation are overblown."

提喻法（一种修辞手法，用部分指代整体，或用整体指代部分）

"The direct victim, Nowak, was a synecdoche for the broader population of ordinary white Britons victimized by liberal elites and racial minorities."

不可阻挡地；无法改变地

"In recent years, there has been considerable scholarly and political attention to the worry that citizens of many democracies increasingly inhabit different “worlds.” This fear is acute in the U.S., where sharp polarization between Democrats and Republicans is intense and seemingly ever-increasing, but it surfaces in many other Western countries as well."

证明……正确；为……平反；使……正当化

"We gravitate toward interpretations that flatter our allies, demonize our rivals, vindicate our grievances, and assign the right people to simplistic roles..."

辅助设备；帮助残障人士或老年人提高生活质量、独立性的工具或技术，如轮椅、助听器或专门软件。

"Engineering undergraduate students work on technology for socially conscious projects such as environmental cleanup, renewable energy, and the development of assistive devices to improve mobility for people with disabilities."

体现了她的精神；完美地概括或捕捉了某人的本质、信念或人格核心

"“Millie was a rock star,” Panetta says. “I can’t think of another medal that really encapsulates her spirit and what I’ve dedicated my life to.”"

普通/常见的原子（在此上下文中特指碳元素，因为碳是自然界中非常普遍的元素）

"...an IEEE Life Fellow who pioneered the study of carbon nanostructures at a time when researching physical and material properties of commonplace atoms was unpopular."

率先研究……；在某个领域开创了先河，做了开拓性的工作

"...an IEEE Life Fellow who pioneered the study of carbon nanostructures at a time when researching physical and material properties of commonplace atoms was unpopular."

同名的人；名字被用来命名某物（如奖项、建筑物）的人

"Receiving the medal is particularly special to Panetta, she says, because she knew its namesake: Mildred Dresselhaus..."

具有社会意识的；关注社会问题，并愿意为此采取行动或做出道德选择的

"Engineering undergraduate students work on technology for socially conscious projects such as environmental cleanup, renewable energy, and the development of assistive devices to improve mobility for people with disabilities."

指导，辅导（尤指在职业生涯或成长中给予经验丰富、可信赖的建议和引导）

"Panetta also mentors young women to encourage them to pursue a STEM career through the Nerd Girls program she launched at Tufts in 2000."

数字孪生模拟器（一种创建物理系统或设备的虚拟副本，以便进行实时监控、分析和模拟的计算机程序或系统）

"Like Samantha and Jeannie, Panetta has made magic happen, such as when she helped to invent the first CPU digital-twin simulator."

对她来说如同魔法/巫术一般（形容某事物极其神奇、复杂，或超出其当前理解范围）

"The sitcoms’ main characters—Samantha Stevens, a witch; and Jeannie, a genie—were “strong, empowered female leads using magic,” Panetta says, and they inspired her to become an engineer, as it was like sorcery to her."

（在复杂或困难的情境中）应对生活，处理与……共同生活的挑战

"When considering the 1960s sitcoms Bewitched and I Dream of Jeannie, both of which featured women with supernatural powers navigating life with mortals, most people wouldn’t connect them with pursuing an engineering career."

根本性的问题；涉及自然本质或人类存在本源的问题

必要的、份内的夸张情感或戏剧性言行（在此指浪漫主义诗人应有的风格特征）

"“I died for beauty,” Keats wrote with the requisite melodrama of the Romantics."

一种萦绕心头、令人难以忘怀的美丽

"...a medium that originated in ancient China, then made its via the Middle East and Spain to Renaissance Italy to be used as a base for drawing and prints, giving two-dimensional artwork a hauntingly beautiful three-dimensional quality."

作为……的支柱；构成……的基础（动词）

"...these phytoplankton generate close to half of our planet’s oxygen, pillar its biomass, and absorb the atmospheric carbon dioxide that dissolves in the ocean."

（因惊讶、敬畏或震撼而）倒吸一口气

"All he managed was to gasp that “few objects are more beautiful,” seemingly “created that they might be examined and admired under the high powers of the microscope.”"

辐射对称（围绕中心点）和左右对称（沿一条中轴线）

"These beguiling marvels — tiny stars and fans and ribbons organized along exquisite radial and lateral symmetries — confused Darwin when he encountered them..."

令人着迷的奇观；诱人而精妙的奇迹

"These beguiling marvels — tiny stars and fans and ribbons organized along exquisite radial and lateral symmetries — confused Darwin when he encountered them..."

相对新颖的事物；在当时还算是新发明的东西

"The letter reported an astonishing discovery in the roots of pond plants placed under a microscope, still a relative novelty."

创造（新词或短语）

"...though the word “scientist” itself was more than a century away, to be coined for a woman."

匿名状态；作者身份不明

"(At the time, until well into the twentieth century, anonymity often meant the scientist writing was a woman, though the word “scientist” itself was more than a century away, to be coined for a woman.)"

备受尊敬的，受推崇的（在此语境中指期刊的地位）

"In 1703, the world’s most esteemed scientific journal published a surprising letter from an anonymous correspondent."

一个活着的诺特定理（比喻硅藻完美地将对称性和物理定律体现在自身结构中）

"Today, we know that diatoms — thousands of species of unicellular algae, each a living Noether theorem housed in a shell of opal — are not created for admiration but create the admirer."

大胆的，无畏的，有魄力的（褒义，指敢于挑战不可能）

"Because of these and other audacious experiments, the particle that Pauli was sure could never be caught has slowly been revealing its secrets."