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（比喻义）最后的支持者、可靠的后盾、最终的保障。
"When you talk about the role of a prosecutor, you need the prosecutor as a backstop, the person who establishes the credibility of the threat of arrest."
导致或诱发犯罪的；产生犯罪的。
"We have a lot of evidence that the built environment matters a great deal for crime—that environments can be more or less criminogenic."
（比喻义）重新占据、重新回到并控制某个空间。
"When you clean up a park, restore community space, clear lines of sight, or clear out Penn Station, you allow—or encourage—people who had otherwise been absent from that space to recolonize it."
动词，意为‘(用带子)束紧、(使)做好准备’。在此语境中，是一个有力的文学性比喻，指纺锤体‘自动强化自身、做好准备’，以应对即将到来的力量。
"Perhaps a workable solution is to spontaneously gird and stabilize itself when generating and absorbing force."
动词，意为‘使困惑、混淆、挫败’。在此标题语境中，指人类基因组的物理复杂性可能会‘击败、挑战’人工智能的能力。
"Why the Human Genome's Tangled Physicality May Confound AI"
动词，原意为‘（为减轻负担而向船外）抛弃（货物）’。在此比喻为纺锤体纤维在受力时‘主动丢弃、甩掉’一些不稳定的组件。
"He hypothesizes that when force is applied to the spindle fiber, the stretching and pulling makes it jettison some of its smaller cytoskeletal components"
形容词，意为‘违反直觉的’，描述那些与人们基于常识和直接经验所预期的情况相反的现象。
"The phenomenon is a bit counterintuitive."
形容词，是非正式用语，意为‘坏掉的、断裂的、破碎的’。在此描述了因拉扯而断裂的纤维。
"What's more, the ragged ends of the busted fibers didn't immediately unravel."
形容词，意为‘温暖人心的、令人欣慰的’。在此语境中，被计算生物学家用来形容一个科学发现（外力使纺锤体更稳定）所带来的情感上的愉悦感。
""The brute message of the study is kind of heartwarming — that the external forces would stabilize the spindle and make it more resilient," he said."
正式的形容词短语，意为‘顺从于、对……有反应的、适合……的’。在此语境中，特指某种细胞是否‘容易被’某种实验操作（如显微针操作）。
"She needed to find a type of mammal cell that, like Niklas' grasshopper spermatocytes, had large but relatively few chromosomes and were amenable to manipulation by microneedles."
名词，意为‘悖论、自相矛盾的事物’。在此语境中，指纺锤体‘必须同时是动态的（才能工作）和牢固的（才能不坏）’这一看似矛盾的命题。
"The spindle's life, after all, is a bit of a paradox, Dumont said."
动词过去式，意为‘猛地一拉’，比 'pulled'（拉）的动作更突然、更有力、更粗鲁。
"When they yanked on the fiber with the microneedle, it did not detach from the chromosome or from the spindle's anchor points at the cell's poles."
在此语境中是一个口语化的比喻，意为‘难题、麻烦、额外的复杂情况’，将一个科学难题形容成一个需要被‘熨平’的小褶皱。
"One last wrinkle is that, by being part of a living organism, these biomolecular structures are constantly consuming energy from within the materials themselves"
名词复数，指这些生命机器所具有的‘古怪、奇特之处’，强调其与常规人造机械相比的反常特性。
"Despite the mechanical oddities inherent to living machines, investigations into spindle physics have been going on for decades."
正式习语，意为‘因为、凭借’，用于引出某个事物之所以具有某种特性的原因。
"By virtue of being biological, the cell spindle presents massive complexity for materials physicists."
意为‘祖先、前身’或‘起源’。在此生物学语境中，特指‘前体细胞’，即那些能够分裂并最终分化成为精子细胞的未成熟细胞。
"However, his work was done in a very specific type of cell: grasshopper spermatocytes, the progenitors of grasshopper sperm cells."
习语，意为‘将招致……的终结或毁灭’，强调某个事件或情况会无可避免地导致某种灾难性后果。
"If absorbing those forces caused the spindle's integrity to fail, it could spell the end for both daughter cells or cause diseases"
在此语境中是一个生动的比喻，意为‘依靠、取决于’，将生命的延续比作骑乘在纺锤体的成功运作之上，强调其关键性和脆弱性。
"In this way, all eukaryotic life, including human life, rides on the spindle's success with each cell division across an organism's lifetime."
在此语境中为复数名词，指纺锤体所表现出的‘奇特的性质或因设计/自然选择而产生的怪癖’，带有一种将物理过程拟人化的幽默和好奇感。
"The spindle's mechanical quirks show just how weird materials science can get at the finest scales of life."
在此语境中，'wrenches' 意为‘猛拉’、‘扭开’，生动地描述了纺锤体将染色体对强行分开的动作，强调了其中涉及的巨大力量和某种粗暴性。
"This wrenches the chromosomes apart into two sets and reels them to opposite ends of the cytoplasm sea."
在此语境中是一个比喻，意为‘（像收卷钓鱼线一样）将染色体拉回或卷回’，形象地描述了微管将染色体向细胞两极拉拽的过程。
"This wrenches the chromosomes apart into two sets and reels them to opposite ends of the cytoplasm sea."
在此语境中，'ushered' 被用作一个生动的比喻，意为‘引导’或‘护送’，将染色体描绘成被小心、有序地引领到指定位置的重要‘宾客’或‘贵客’。
"They drag, tilt, and nudge the precious cargo until every chromosome has been ushered into a tidy line around the cell's middle."
在此语境中，这是一个比喻，将染色体分离的力学过程比作‘拔河比赛’，生动地展现了纺锤体两极对染色体施加方向相反的拉力，从而形成一种紧张而动态的平衡。
"With its genetic material segregated at either pole, one cell can safely become two, born from a microscopic tug-of-war."
在此语境中为名词，指纺锤体在缩短和拉动过程中自身内部所承受的‘压力’、‘紧张’或‘张力’，是导致其可能断裂的力学原因。
"The spindle strains against itself as it shortens and pulls; how it does this without ripping itself apart has been a scientific mystery"
在此语境中指细胞完成的一项需要非凡力量才能达成的壮举，将细胞的微观活动拟人化为一种有意识的、令人赞叹的表演。
"Then the cell performs an astounding, microscopic feat of strength."
在此语境中指细胞通过分裂过程被物理性地分离成两个子细胞，强调一种起始状态的暴力性和根本性变化。
"The cells of animals, plants, and fungi start their lives by being torn apart."
在此语境中形容细胞分裂的动作令人极度惊讶或震惊，强调了其非凡和超乎想象的程度。
"Then the cell performs an astounding, microscopic feat of strength."
被完全吞没；被彻底包围
"the little space that I occupy, and even that which I see, engulfed in the infinite immensity of spaces"
在…之后；作为…的后果
"But perhaps what is left in the wake of reason is love"
被吞没；被完全吸收/消灭
"the short duration of my life, swallowed up in the eternity before and after"
机遇的反物质；消解偶然性的力量
"the substance of us that over and over outweighs the antimatter of chance to make life tremble with aliveness"
触及时代脉络；产生跨时代影响
"the visionary Blaise Pascal, who didn't live past forty but touched the epochs with his clarity of thought"
斩破幻觉的面纱；彻底破除假象
"modeled that courage by cutting through the veil of illusion with uncommon precision"
嵌套；层层包裹
"love is an affirmation of the improbable nested, always nested, in the possible"
非同寻常的精确性
"modeled that courage by cutting through the veil of illusion with uncommon precision"
穿透面纱；看穿表象
"to pierce the veil of selfish consciousness and join the world as it really is"
有益的思想实验；发人深省的假设性推演
"It is a salutary thought experiment to go through a single day imagining any one of those variables having fallen"
浮夸的主张；妄自尊大的断言
"where the self roils with its grandiose claims of authorship"
彻头彻尾的荒谬
"it becomes downright absurd to grow attached to the story and its byproducts"
反主流文化的勇气；敢于挑战社会常规的精神
"to keep questioning the story of who we are... is an act of countercultural courage requiring exceptional devotion and discipline"
绝对主义观念；不容置疑的立场
"it becomes downright absurd to grow attached to the story and its byproducts: opinions, identities, absolutisms"
无数；极其多样的
"A self is a story of why you are you — a selective retelling of the myriad chance events between the birth of the universe and this moment"
无可选择的状态；宿命性的被动
"Against this utter choicelessness in the variables we each drew from the cosmic lottery — our pigments, our neurotransmitters, our outpost in space and in time — it becomes downright absurd to grow attached to the story"
在重要性/影响力上超过
"the substance of us that over and over outweighs the antimatter of chance to make life tremble with aliveness"
被严重压缩、剥夺了正常发展可能性的生活世界，特指年轻人因住房危机而无法实现成年独立生活的困境
"it offers models that naturalise the stunted lifeworlds of the housing crisis."
一种将物质匮乏包装为时尚潮流的文化现象，特指在紧缩政策背景下将贫困审美化
"It’s another piece of "austerity chic," sold or branded as "innovative, flexible, and entrepreneurial.""
吸收并挪用（原本具有对抗性的理念或实践），将其改造为符合主流体系利益的工具
"Micro-living is thus a product of "shrinking expectations, and co-opting anti-capitalist collective housing models to fit post-austerity neoliberal models.""
一种将社会视为由相互依存关系构成的有机网络的本体论观点——任何个体的存在都依赖于与他者的关系
"[precariousness is] an inherent state of vulnerability and dependence resulting from the relational structure of society."
一种政治性而非自然性的不稳定状态，源于不平等的权力关系，特指城市居住与劳动市场中某些群体相较于其他群体所承受的脆弱处境
"Harris and Nowicki themselves explore micro-living as "the normalization of the precarity facing those searching for a place to live in cities.""