Vocabulary

（哲学/认知科学）集合体——由异质成分构成的、具有涌现特性的动态组合

"As Hayles describes it, this condition amounts to "distributed cognition and distributed decision-making" between human and non-human participants. She calls these "cognitive assemblages" or "networked intelligence.""

狂喜的、如痴如醉的——此处指一种近乎宗教性的狂喜式期待

"What Kelly means by "already in" is that human/machine fusion is a presently ongoing process that doesn't suddenly cross some rapturous threshold, but incrementally unfolds with the accelerated deepening of the "integrated cognitive framework" Hayles talks about."

（此处）死亡、丧生——用于描述没有肠道细菌人类将无法存活

"The most obvious example of our relational interdependence with non-human life is the gut bacteria within us, the biological functions of which we'd perish without."

（此处为隐喻用法）事件视界——借自天体物理学的概念，指因果关系不可逆转的临界边界；身处其中者无法看清事件的全貌

"Our perspective is clouded, says Kelly, by the fact that "we are living inside the event horizon.""

不可分割地交织在一起、深深纠缠其中而无法脱身

"They have become the controllers, processors and disseminators of a flow of information" in which we are inextricably enmeshed — and, in advanced societies, without which we couldn't survive."

（复杂系统理论）相邻可能——在任一时刻，从当前状态出发仅需一步即可到达的所有可能新状态的集合

"For Kelly, the Singularity is not a closed process with a fixed endpoint, but perpetually open to the emergence of new creative forms and unexpected symbiotic combinations, what the complexity scientist Stuart Kauffman calls the "adjacent possible" that can't be foretold."

处于骚动/沸腾状态；因某事物而人心涌动、议论纷纷

"From Silicon Valley to the Vatican, across kitchen tables and in the halls of power, the world is astir over the question of whether humans will be able to control the AIs we've created."

（此处按作者用法）引出/回避了真正的问题；严格逻辑学意义上指'窃取论题'（预设结论的谬误）

"But that begs the question: What does it mean to be "human"?"

（儒家哲学语境中）正名——使名分与实际相符，纠正名实不符的状态

"One place to start sorting this all out is what Confucian philosophy calls "rectification" — naming things for what they actually are."

（此处）偶然的、非必然的；取决于特定历史与社会条件的

"As she explained to Claire Webb in a recent Futurology podcast, the concept of "human" is culturally and historically contingent."

（生物学/认知科学）环境界——某一生物体在其感官与认知能力范围内所感知和构建的'周围世界'

"For Hayles, that has never been true because humans have never existed as an entity apart but have always been "woven in the web" of a surrounding environment, or "Umwelt.""

非组合性的——指短语或表达的整体意义不能简单地从其组成部分的意义推导出来

阐明、解释清楚——使复杂的事物变得清晰易懂

"Combined theoretical and experimental approaches have helped to elucidate the complex but vital process through which the cells of multicellular organisms like us navigate a path from all-purpose, pluripotent stem cells to well-defined and specific tissues."

不可阻挡的、不可逆转的——形容发育过程具有必然的方向性和推进力

"This process seems to have an inexorable direction and impetus."

迄今为止、在此之前——指在某一特定时间点之前的历史时期

"In that case, Waddington's landscape model is far more than metaphor — it could be an atlas of a hitherto uncharted terrain."

良性的、温和的——医学上指非癌性的、不会扩散的；广义指无害的、良善的

"Once we view cancer as an attractor state, a new option becomes possible: to guide those cells back out of the cancer basin and into another that is more benign — one where the cells do nothing, undergo spontaneous cell death, or even regain a healthy state."

异常的、偏离正常的——此处指传统观点将癌细胞视为偏离正常状态的异常存在

"It's a picture that sees cancer as an aberrant state."

鲁棒性、稳健性——在生物学中指发育系统在面对遗传突变或环境扰动时仍能产生正常表型的可靠性

"The core ideas — that development is progressive, that cell states are distinct, that bifurcations represent [cell] fate decisions, that canalization implies robustness — all survive."

概念支架、理论框架——此处用作比喻，指 Waddington 的景观模型作为组织和发展科学思想的框架性结构

"Waddington's landscape has been "remarkably useful as a conceptual scaffold," said James Briscoe, a developmental biologist at the Francis Crick Institute in London."

制图学——此处用作比喻，指对细胞状态空间的系统性“测绘”与“描绘”

"This cartography of development is now helping researchers understand how identical cells in the early embryo develop into the distinct tissues and cell types of a complex organism."

canalized（渠限化的）——指发育过程被限制在特定通道中，即使受到扰动也能稳定地回归到既定发育路径，产生可靠的表型结果

"The cells are restricted to a small number of well-defined states because they are "canalized," in Waddington's lexicon: trapped and channeled by the sides of the valley."

地形（学）——此处指细胞状态空间的“地形结构”，即不同细胞状态的稳定性分布与相互关系

"If you understand the landscape topology and know where the bifurcations lie, you can in principle design methods that steer cell populations to desired states with precision, rather than by trial and error."

（某学科或个人的）专门词汇体系、术语总汇——此处指 Waddington 自创的术语体系

"The cells are restricted to a small number of well-defined states because they are "canalized," in Waddington's lexicon: trapped and channeled by the sides of the valley."

吸引子——动力系统理论中，系统随时间演化最终趋向的稳定状态或状态集合

"These basins are what mathematicians call attractors: states toward which the cells are inevitably drawn, like water following gravity across a landscape."

（为某事物）命名，赋予名称——此处指赫胥黎将现代进化论与遗传学的结合体正式命名为“现代综合论”，赋予其学术身份与历史地位

"Natural selection and genetics fitted together in what the biologist Julian Huxley christened "the modern synthesis" in his 1942 book."

多能性的——指干细胞能够分化为体内几乎所有类型的细胞，但不包括胚胎外组织（如胎盘）

"At the very top of the highest hill he imagined a ball, which represented a population of cells in their earliest embryonic form — what we now call stem or pluripotent cells, which have the potential to become any cell type."

隐秘的、隐蔽的——此处指发育过程中隐藏在表面之下的复杂性

"Herein lies the cryptic complexity of development."

有先见之明的——此处指 Waddington 的远见超越了他的时代，其洞见在数十年后被科学证据所证实

"Biologists are now finally becoming able to map experimental data to a real mathematical landscape for differentiation and show just how prescient Waddington was."

声景；由特定环境中所有声音（自然声、人声、机械声等）构成的整体听觉环境，是一个学术化的复合概念

"The noise of construction and city life is beginning to overpower the soundscape he relies on, and researchers suspect they may already be pushing wildlife away."

生物声学的；研究生物发声及声音与生物之间关系的学科领域

"The film follows Abidin working with a research team that includes Wendy Erb, a bioacoustic scientist from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in New York, to collect audio from caves, treetops and everywhere in between."

后世；子孙后代；未来的人们

"In doing so, they hope to create a record for posterity so that the rainforest's soundscapes – and the culture and ancestral knowledge embedded within them – are never fully erased."

祖先的；祖传的；与先辈相关的

"In doing so, they hope to create a record for posterity so that the rainforest's soundscapes – and the culture and ancestral knowledge embedded within them – are never fully erased."

溶解中的；逐渐消失的；被酸腐蚀的（此处为动词 dissolve 的现在分词作形容词）

"Photographs of rainforests dissolving in acid strike a beautiful note of warning"

土著的；原住民的；当地原生的

"For an indigenous group, protecting the future requires rediscovering the past"

动态的；充满动感的；与运动相关的

"What we've done with our world, from ingenuity to devastation – in two kinetic minutes"

独创性；巧妙的设计能力；心灵手巧

"What we've done with our world, from ingenuity to devastation – in two kinetic minutes"

难以捉摸的；难以找到或捕捉的

"Scientists and locals unite to film a large, elusive New Guinean bird"

嵌入的；深植于……之中的；与……紧密交织的

"In doing so, they hope to create a record for posterity so that the rainforest's soundscapes – and the culture and ancestral knowledge embedded within them – are never fully erased."

基层的；草根的；源自普通民众而非官方或精英阶层的

"The grassroots project that's restoring an endangered Hawaiian ecosystem"

消除（疑虑、恐惧、误解等）；驱散

"Preventing the all-consuming sound pollution of modern life starts with listening to nature"

吞噬一切的；占据全部精力的；无所不在的

"Preventing the all-consuming sound pollution of modern life starts with listening to nature"

维持下去的；不垮掉的；漂浮着的（引申义：使……存续）

"Villagers struggle to keep their beloved, endangered ape population afloat"

上下浮动的、漂浮摆动的

"Where has all that knowledge gone? It's adrift in her memory, bobbing here and there in a sea of chemical connections, where the big torch on the coast can't be seen—the big fire that guides us back to land, to our point of departure."

（此处为）葡萄牙语 por favor（请）的夸张英文口音拼写

"He would call her at home, with his unmistakable English accent: 'Eunice Paiva, porrrfa-vorrr.'"

（法律誓词）以资证明、特此为证

"On January 30, 2008, that muggy afternoon, in compliance with the law, in the Central Civil Court on Praça João Mendes, fourth floor, room 426 of the São Paulo State Court, first temporarily, and then permanently, the woman who had looked after me for 48 years would now be looked after by me. In witness whereof, I certify that the foregoing is true and accurate."

直率、坦率、直言不讳的品质

"Because I'm old and I need other people to look after me,' she replied with her trademark forthrightness and logic."