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已消亡的；不复存在的（在此指本尼·甘茨的蓝白党已彻底瓦解）
"The man who, in April 2019, stood at the helm of the mighty Blue and White party with 35 Knesset seats is now being urged by the Change Bloc to announce his withdrawal from the race; Blue and White is now utterly defunct, scoring 0% of the projected vote."
角色阵容；（喻）一群人物（在此指以色列政坛中层出不穷的各类政治人物）
"In its fragmentation, mercuriality, conspiracism, and cast of fantastical characters, contemporary Israeli politics makes Game of Thrones look like The Golden Girls."
本体论的；存在意义上的（在此指以色列人对其国家存在根基和集体身份的深层安全感）
"For secular-liberal Israelis the loss would also mean diminished faith in the capacity of the state—a state they fight for and disproportionately fund through their taxes—to provide long-term physical and ontological security to their children."
分裂；碎片化（在此指政党如碎片般从原有组织中分裂出去）
"Even the most dedicated students of Israeli politics have abandoned all hope of remembering the names of its political parties; as they sprout in the morning, then merge, splinter, and defect in the afternoon, or evaporate by nightfall."
证明正确；洗清冤屈（在此指内塔尼亚胡阵营将选举胜利视为对其政策和立场的正确性的证明）
"To the nationalist-religious camp, a Netanyahu victory would mean vindication and license wrapped in messianic cellophane."
行会；同业公会（此处引申为通过限制准入来保护自身经济利益的职业团体，如医生和牙医协会）
"We talked about doctors and dentists, and the guilds that try to restrict what nurse practitioners and oral hygienists can do, which makes it harder to get those services and makes them more expensive."
光圈；（喻）视角的广度、视野的开放程度
"The legislative action is very much a broader thing, and we want to broaden the aperture."
优势；帮助（尤指在竞争中获得有利地位的助力）
"So they don't end up taking up the majority of those successful businesses, even if they're disproportionately likely to have done so, even if they got a leg up from having grown up in affluence."
击球率（棒球术语）；引申为成功率、表现水平
"That's a lot less depressing than you'd think, which is to say that their batting average is still more than fifty percent of the batting average of the population as a whole, if the bottom thirty-three percent end up representing twenty percent of star founders."
含着银汤匙出生；生于富贵之家（习语，常含贬义，暗示不劳而获的特权）
"When I'm thinking of this group of people who have over five million dollars of net worth, most of whom are business owners—how many of them grew up with a silver spoon in their mouth?"
逐渐转变为；渐渐过渡为（此处指乐观主义逐渐让位于现实主义）
"So the optimism shades into realism, and it reveals problems that I think people are trying to solve, but maybe not understanding the problem as well as they should."
微观缩影的；以小见大的（此处指一个汽车经销商的故事是整个美国财富分布格局的缩影）
"So the story of our book is a microcosmic version of that story, which is that there's a tremendous amount of wealth that's both more abundant than these Forbes 400 stories of tech and finance that we hear so much about, and also closer to home for many Americans than they think."
力量倍增器（军事术语，引申为能显著放大效果的因素或机制）
"It's just a really small number of people who go that way, and it's not a huge force multiplier in terms of the relative rate at which people achieve the American dream versus the base rate."
中端市场的；中等规模市场的（此处指介于大型上市公司和小微企业之间的中型私营企业领域）
"So private equity has emerged in the middle market."
值得骄傲的成就；可夸耀的荣誉（习语）
"I don't know how much of a sense you have of this, you probably don't have statistics on it—but some of the members of this group may have aspirations of educational climbing, where they feel like if my kid goes to Harvard, that really is a feather in my cap."
被连根拔起的；与本土/故土失去联系的（此处形容超级富豪脱离了地方社群和本土根基）
"One of the interesting things about the billionaires we imagine is they've kind of deracinated—they might sit in Silicon Valley or whatever, they fly around with a private jet, they probably grew up somewhere, went to college somewhere else, did the business somewhere else."
安全阀；泄压阀（此处比喻私募股权为中无人继承的企业提供的一条退出通道）
"It's still maybe 10 to 15 percent of all employment that's in private equity-owned companies, or something like that—it's not the dominant ownership structure in the American economy, but it's much more common here than in a lot of other countries, as a sort of escape valve for these businesses which might otherwise shut down if there's nobody to take over."
大量赚取（金钱）；轻松获得（利润）
"I assume it was quite financially successful—I don't know how much money you rake in selling boatloads of bagels to people on a Sunday morning, I don't know whether they would make the five million dollar net worth mark or not."
中层寡头（作者自创词，由 middle + oligarchs 拼接而成，指代那些虽非亿万富翁但在地方政治经济中拥有巨大影响力的中产阶级富豪企业主）
"We call these people the middle-garchs, because it's like the oligarchs in the middle market, or the Mittelstand, I guess, is your German example of that, although I think that's a different category of people with different historical relevance."
对……颐指气使；作威作福；以居高临下的态度对待
"They also might be sort of local notables in ways that might be negative—they might lord it over those local communities in all kinds of ways."
（德语借词）德国中小企业群体，通常指家族拥有的中型制造企业，是德国经济的支柱
"We call these people the middle-garchs, because it's like the oligarchs in the middle market, or the Mittelstand, I guess, is your German example of that, although I think that's a different category of people with different historical relevance."
价值工程化；通过系统性削减成本来优化利润（此处为动词用法，指私募股权通过降低成本来提升利润率，常以牺牲产品质量为代价）
"In that case, when the private equity company took the firm, they brought in some consultants because it was actually Bain Capital, and they brought in Bain consultants to value-engineer the menu."
（意大利语借词）意大利腌制肉制品（复数形式，单数为 salume），包括火腿、萨拉米等
"They didn't necessarily sacrifice the product in that case, because the product was actually about a high quality salumi—a whole muscle salumi, not the chunks from the meatpacking kind of salumi that you'd associate with Upton Sinclair."
降格以求地体验低级事物；屈尊俯就（此处指主持人自嘲去连锁餐厅用餐是一种'下凡体验'）
"There are things at each of these places where you can kind of enjoy it, but it is slumming a bit."
散布于……各处的；遍布于（此处指'处处百万富翁'的印记遍布整个税法）
"And then we get into tax policy, where we see the fingerprints of these 'everywhere millionaires' littered across the tax code in ways that we find counterproductive and important for our fiscal position."
使镇静、使麻木——此处为动词的比喻用法，指我们以'确定性'来麻醉自己对可能性的焦虑
"But because possibility is the hardest thing to bear, we sedate ourselves with certainty"
不确定性；不可预测性——此处指生命进程、物种命运、宇宙未来皆无定数、无法被预先决定的状态
"The most maddening thing about life is also the most beautiful: its indeterminacy."
阈限性；过渡的中间状态——此处指处于'尚未决定'这一充满生成力的临界地带
"even though we know that liminality is the most generative place"
有生成力的、能催生新事物的——此处指'阈限'是最能孕育创造的状态
"that liminality is the most generative place"
（动词化）用创可贴草草贴上——此处活用为动词，指用自以为是草率地掩盖文化裂痕
"In a culture that bandaids its fissures with self-righteousness"
裂隙、裂痕——此处指文化内部深层的分歧与断裂
"In a culture that bandaids its fissures with self-righteousness"
惊奇、惊叹——此处指一种沉浸其中、近乎敬畏的好奇状态
"Sink into wonderment."
滋养、培育——此处指为尚未成形的东西细心提供生长条件，而非催促其完成
"A decision will grow, but for today, nourish the ground."
巨额的藏书开支——作者自造的生僻复合词，以夸张语带诙谐地形容自己买书的花销
"which goes straight back into my own colossal biblioexpenses."
神圣性、神圣不可侵犯——此处指怀疑本身也值得被崇敬、被守护
"to honor the sanctity of your doubts"
开放性、无终结性——此处指生命本身没有预设答案、始终向未来敞开的性质
"to the open-endedness of life itself"
清算、盘点、算总账——此处指对生命经验进行深刻反省与结算的文字结集
"his altogether wonderful collection of reckonings The Way of Rest"
自以为是、自以为义——此处指文化用道德优越感来掩盖自身裂痕
"In a culture that bandaids its fissures with self-righteousness"
反主流文化的、反文化潮流的——此处指'保持未决定'是逆文化主流的勇敢抵抗
"it is nothing less than a countercultural act of courage and resistance to remain undecided"
（比喻义）预先排除、排他性地关闭——此处指我们急于把结论钉死，从而关掉其他可能
"this is why we are so eager to foreclose our conclusions"
不慌不忙的、从容的——此处指心灵智慧那种不急于求成、有其自身节奏的从容
"to the unhurried wisdom of the heart"
沸腾翻滚的混乱——此处指创造力诞生前那种混沌、躁动、有序与无序交织的原始状态
"Bow before this bubbling mess of creativity."
（建筑物的）使用者、居住者
"So the idea that there's anything intelligent about a building that doesn't allow its occupants to close it is astonishing."
州际贸易条款：美国宪法第一条第八款中的规定，赋予国会监管各州之间贸易的权力
"I would like to have an interstate commerce clause for Europe, which means if you can sell something in Madrid, you can sell it in Brussels."
第戎黑醋栗酒案：1979年欧洲法院的一项里程碑判决，确立了'相互承认'原则——在一个成员国合法销售的产品可以在其他成员国销售
"There was a big decision by the Court of Justice, called Cassis de Dijon, which said you cannot put obstacles to trade."
任意的、武断的、随意的
"even when we have single market rules that are the same, the regulators apply them in different ways."
重新争论、重新辩论（已讨论过的问题）
"I don't want to relitigate an earlier part of this conversation, Luis, but how is this not a cultural problem?"
赎罪、补偿——指通过某种行为来弥补罪过或消除内疚
"If this was just some form of personal expiation for the guilt of being a modern-day human"
（短语动词）开始生效、发挥作用
"because there's one mouse that appeared, and then the whole biodiversity legislation kicks in."
绿化带：围绕城市、限制城市扩张的受保护未开发土地
"There is this green belt, which is nothing but old industrial areas where you can't build, because there's one mouse that appeared, and then the whole biodiversity legislation kicks in."