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同质的传统/遗产（暗示文化单一性）
"Civic Thought is the lair of conservatives who want to return America to a more homogenous heritage."
铁人（比喻极其坚强、意志坚定的人）
"'They were iron men,' Lincoln said. 'They fought for the principles that they were contending for.'"
（美国的）多样性实验工程
"you find that America is, inescapably, a diversity project—an experiment in diverse identities coming together to build a greater whole."
巢穴；（比喻）进行秘密或不当活动的场所
"DEI is the den of progressives who are obsessed with identity; Civic Thought is the lair of conservatives."
被驱逐出（一个社区或地区）
"Consider Roger Williams, who, in 1635, was banished from John Winthrop's Puritan theocracy for his diverse opinions."
小排（比喻社会中的小团体，如家庭、邻里、教堂）
"Edmund Burke called the 'little platoons' of society, where people find an intimate community that connects them to the larger society."
这个时代的标志性特征
"The rise of Civic Thought programs and the demise of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs are two of the main hallmarks of this moment in higher education."
人们普遍认为（但作者暗示这种看法可能肤浅或有误）
"The conventional wisdom will tell you that this is mostly about ideological rebalancing: DEI is the den of progressives who are obsessed with identity; Civic Thought is the lair of conservatives who want to return America to a more homogenous heritage."
被合理的学说深刻分裂（尽管各方的主张都具有理性基础）
"How is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens, who remain profoundly divided by reasonable religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines?"
对自由民主秩序构成挑战的后自由主义思潮或运动
"I will be interviewing Francis Fukuyama about how liberalism should respond to the postliberal threat."
合众为一（美国建国格言）
"our 1782 national motto being E Pluribus Unum."
更模糊的；更不清晰的（在此指分类标准不精确、边界不明确）
"Flexible restaurants, in Gualtieri’s system, 'offer distinctive cuisine described using fuzzier categories, such as 'American,' 'Contemporary,' and 'Californian'...'"
那种反叛/造反的事情（口语化，指一种反传统的行为模式或态度）
"'A lot of the chefs that I know it's almost like that rebellion thing,' one chef said."
刻板印象（对某类人群或事物过度简化、固定的观念）
"According to one Chinese chef, authenticity 'means what other people's perception of the cuisine is ... It's a stereotype of what that cuisine is.'"
遵守；严格遵循（规则、标准等）
"For these restaurants, quality is assessed through adherence to a defined set of rules."
受到惩罚；受到负面评价（在此指在评价体系中处于不利地位）
"Just as a classic chef would be judged on technique and potentially penalized for creativity..."
评价逻辑（指评价时所依据的特定标准或框架体系）
"Gualtieri drew on 120 interviews with chefs at top restaurants as well as analysis of 1,380 reviews in the 2016 Michelin Guide, identifying three 'logics of evaluation' that chefs and reviewers draw on: technique, creativity, and authenticity."
被贬低；被降低价值（指系统性地位的贬损）
"Ethnic restaurants are systematically devalued by the prominence of the logic of authenticity..."
以……为前提；预设（某事物为成立的基础）
"Creativity, though, presumes a background in classic technique onto which a personal point of view is added."
充满(活力、情感或特质) 尤指一种隐秘、强大但又受抑制的暗流涌动。
"We Midwesterners are polite, simple-appearing folks who often pulse with secrets, obsessions, or eccentricities below the surface."
古怪行为；怪癖 指与通常认为的正常或得体行为相比，显得奇特或反常的举止、习惯或爱好。
"We Midwesterners are polite, simple-appearing folks who often pulse with secrets, obsessions, or eccentricities below the surface."
(此处) 深陷于(某种困境或棘手状态中) 尤指因秘密或复杂情况而无法脱身
"A late-night drowning at a high school graduation party is mired in secrets."
令人心痛的；辛酸的；深深触动情感的 常指因遗憾、悲伤或美丽而产生的强烈情感
"The stories in Secrets and Other Hobbies are layered with purposeful deception and poignant, hidden yearnings that cause their characters to stumble before they rise, if they rise at all."
揭露；暴露；使...显露无遗 尤指揭示隐藏的、通常是脆弱或令人不安的真相。
"Serious and darkly humorous, noble and morally ambiguous, achingly vulnerable and always memorable, Mary Hannah Terzino’s debut lays bare an indelible and realistic Midwest."
塑造自我的暴政与乏味：一种新奇的表述，指人们持续不断、努力地建构和维持一个‘自我’（selfing）的过程，其带来的压力（tyranny）和疲惫（tedium）。
"This is not a negation of our being but an affirmation of it — a liberation from the tyranny and tedium of selfing we mistake for being:"
受控的幻觉：一种认知科学/神经科学的比喻，用来描述我们对外部世界的‘感知’。它不是对现实的客观接收，而是大脑基于过往经验和当前感觉信号，主动生成的一种、经过调控的‘最佳猜测’或‘幻想’。
"Then there is the predictive coding model, under which “what we perceive — the vibrant, changing, three-dimensional reality all around us — isn’t the external world at all, but a guided prediction, or as some have described it, a ‘controlled hallucination’… a prediction built from our history, both recent impressions and a lifetime of experience.”"
建模者是时间的俘虏：比喻科学家/哲学家（试图理解时间的人）本身就被困在时间之中，无法走出时间之外去客观地研究它。
"And yet time may be the only region where the models are truly and fundamentally untestable because the modeler is a captive of time."
基础基质/底物：指作为其他事物得以存在、运作并依赖于其上的基础物质或底层结构。
"Two centuries after the vitalism debate sundered science into warring camps over the search for a “vital spark” that makes matter alive, we are finding that conscious minds — that crowning achievement of matter — are made of time and bodies undone by it, that it is the fundamental substrate of our aliveness."
（爱因斯坦的）相对论使得时间的流动……不再是理所当然的既定事实……而是取决于你所站的观察角度（视点）的一个函数。
"Relativity rendered the flow of time, and the immediacy of the moment nested within it, not a given of physical reality but a function of the vantage you take."
意识形态的钟摆：一个经典比喻，描述观点、社会思潮或政治立场在两个极端之间来回摇摆，如同钟摆一样。
"Like all radical ideas, relativity sent the ideological pendulum in the opposite direction and the ancients’ notion of eternalism — the idea that time is absolute, the same in all directions, and all existence simply is, without dynamic being that flows from past to present to future — was revived in the modern model of the block universe, configuring spacetime as an unchanging four-dimensional block."
至高无上的成就，巅峰之作：指在某个领域或系列中，最为杰出、最重要、处于顶点的成就。
"Two centuries after the vitalism debate sundered science into warring camps over the search for a “vital spark” that makes matter alive, we are finding that conscious minds — that crowning achievement of matter — are made of time and bodies undone by it, that it is the fundamental substrate of our aliveness."
生命火花：指哲学/生物学争议中，被认为能使无生命的物质获得生命的神秘力量或元素。
"Two centuries after the vitalism debate sundered science into warring camps over the search for a “vital spark” that makes matter alive, we are finding that conscious minds — that crowning achievement of matter — are made of time and bodies undone by it, that it is the fundamental substrate of our aliveness."
展开的情节或故事：比喻‘我们的生活’不是像戏剧或故事那样在时间中逐渐展开、充满动态和悬念的过程。
"Our lives aren’t unfurling plots or stories; they are intricate paths already mapped out in four dimensions…"
幽灵般的、难以把握的：描述“现在”这一概念像鬼魂一样虚幻（ghostly），无法被理智或感官所捕捉（ungraspable）。
"But upon closer inspection, now — this elementary particle of eternity, this tiny and total locus of the living moment, this constant that is never the same — turns out to be more elusive than a neutrino, passing through us ghostly and ungraspable, yet leaving in its wake the purest sum of what we are."
经线和纬线：比喻事物的基本结构或构成要素。源自纺织业的术语，指织物中纵向（warp）和横向（weft）的线。
"Jo Marchant takes up this elemental mystery in her excellent investigation In Search of Now: The Science of the Present Moment (public library), weaving together physics, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and cultural anthropology to expose the warp and weft of our aliveness, locating in the living now “the origins of both life and mind, the driving force that powers behaviours, perceptions, choices and decisions, that ultimately carves out self and time.”"
散开成越来越细的枝条，然后完全分解：一个生动的意象，描述事物从某种形态（树的主干）逐渐分岔、变细，最终消散为虚无的过程。
"Your whole life might look like a sort of tree carved into the block, with disparate strands coming together at one end, representing your conception and birth; gradually thickening into a trunk; and then at the other end splaying out into finer and finer branches before disintegrating completely at the point of your death and decomposition…"
开辟出，雕琢出：通过努力和过程，从混沌中创造或塑造出（一个自我、一段时空）。
"Jo Marchant takes up this elemental mystery in her excellent investigation In Search of Now: The Science of the Present Moment (public library), weaving together physics, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and cultural anthropology to expose the warp and weft of our aliveness, locating in the living now “the origins of both life and mind, the driving force that powers behaviours, perceptions, choices and decisions, that ultimately carves out self and time.”"
中心，焦点，所在地：指某事物（在此处指“生命力”、“活着的瞬间”）所集中或体现的具体位置或核心点。
"But upon closer inspection, now — this elementary particle of eternity, this tiny and total locus of the living moment, this constant that is never the same — turns out to be more elusive than a neutrino, passing through us ghostly and ungraspable, yet leaving in its wake the purest sum of what we are."
活力论辩论将科学分裂为敌对阵营：描述一个历史上的学术争论（活力论 vs. 机械论）导致了科学界内部分崩离析、相互对立的状态。
"Two centuries after the vitalism debate sundered science into warring camps over the search for a “vital spark” that makes matter alive, we are finding that conscious minds — that crowning achievement of matter — are made of time and bodies undone by it, that it is the fundamental substrate of our aliveness."
永恒的基本粒子：一个诗意的隐喻，将“当下此刻”比喻为构成永恒这一宏大概念的最小、最基础的单位。
"But upon closer inspection, now — this elementary particle of eternity, this tiny and total locus of the living moment, this constant that is never the same — turns out to be more elusive than a neutrino, passing through us ghostly and ungraspable, yet leaving in its wake the purest sum of what we are."
间谍活动
"Last September, a Chinese state-sponsored hacking group used an AI model to run a cyber espionage campaign against roughly thirty targets across the globe, including chemical manufacturers."
（知识或活动的）前沿，新领域
"Welcome to 'the Infinite Front.' American firms should take note."
预先部署；提前安置（以准备未来行动）
"The Department of Homeland Security openly talks about how this group is likely pre-positioning to disrupt industrial systems in the event of a conflict over Taiwan."
（秘密地）窃取，转移（数据）
"Volt Typhoon sat inside the operational technology network for roughly three hundred days while they exfiltrated geographic information system (GIS) data and spatial layouts necessary to conduct targeted cyber attacks;"
（覆盖的）大片区域；范围
"Volt Typhoon, a Beijing-linked group, has maintained persistent access to a broad swath of American critical infrastructure for years."
为……安装监控/检测设备
"The second is to instrument the factory floor."
无法估量地复杂。形容某种事物复杂到了无法用尺度衡量的地步。
"Carlisle, a gifted biographer, knows that every life is immeasurably complex and elusive, but she also asserts something more."
灵魂的伸展，指灵魂或意识超越了它平常的、狭隘的边界，变得更为宽广。
"In our technocratic times, any narrative or defense of the fullness of human life—the “stretch of the soul”—is cause for celebration."
恐惧，忧虑。尤其在面对某种特定情境（如“被视为幼稚”、“成为陈词滥调”时）产生的强烈不安感。
"At every turn, my fear of naivety, my dread of being a cliché, alerted me to a blind will to cleverness that runs through academic life, shaping our egos and forming our disciplines."
被自身的恐惧所限制。此处，用“bounded”来形容自我被狭隘的（通常也是自私的）关注点所限制。
"And if we are thinking of a movement beyond the smaller self—bounded by its own fears, attachments and defensive patterns of thinking, entrenched by the habit of saying “I”—then Spinozism, by illuminating and pursuing this movement, is a philosophy of transcendence."