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客体化，具象化——此处指抽象的社会恐惧被投射为具体的怪物形象
"“The terrifying creatures preying on them, haunting them from the bowels of the earth or from outer space, were … possible objectifications of actual monsters that continued to sow terror.”"
阿斯旺——菲律宾民间传说中一种变形怪物，通常以女性形象出现，能变为动物、吞噬未出生胎儿或替代人类
"Still, these science-fiction stories appeared alongside “narratives that resurrected a number of preternatural creatures from our legends and myths” like the aswang."
超自然的，异乎寻常的——此处指菲律宾传说中超出自然法则的神秘生物
"Still, these science-fiction stories appeared alongside “narratives that resurrected a number of preternatural creatures from our legends and myths” like the aswang."
散布恐怖，制造恐慌——此处指现实中的压迫者（地主、罪犯等）持续在民众中制造恐惧
"“The terrifying creatures preying on them, haunting them from the bowels of the earth or from outer space, were … possible objectifications of actual monsters that continued to sow terror.”"
超越私利——此处指英雄行为超越个人利益，为集体福祉牺牲
"“In a country desperately in need of heroes and manifestations of deeds that transcend self-interest, the komiks offer themselves as possible sources of qualities that common people perceive as the stuff of heroes.”"
民间传说，传统知识体系——此处指代代相传的神话、史诗、传说等口头文化传统
"Komiks offer readers “exceedingly accessible modes of retelling stories that belonged to the lore of the common people—their myths, epics, legends, and tales,” Reyes says."
多产的，作品丰富的——此处形容Mars Ravelo创作量极大
"Created in 1950 by the prolific Mars Ravelo, Darna demonstrates some of the folk values that have made comic books, or komiks so popular in the Philippines, according to Soledad S. Reyes."
极为平易近人的，非常易于获取的——此处指漫画作为叙事媒介对普通民众高度友好
"Komiks offer readers “exceedingly accessible modes of retelling stories that belonged to the lore of the common people—their myths, epics, legends, and tales,” Reyes says."
受恩惠状态，文化债务——此处指漫画对民间传统的深层依赖与亏欠
"In other words, the komiks are unthinkable without our recognizing their deep indebtedness to the rich lore of the common people, the texts through which our forefathers sought to make sense of their lives and thus engage complicated reality."
名义上的，标题中的——此处指Kenkoy既是漫画标题也是主角名字
"Reyes describes the titular protagonist as a “product of the American era”—a materialistic opportunist clad in “modern attire” like wide pants, who “spoke in ‘carabao English.’”"
水牛英语——菲律宾文化中对非标准、带有浓重口音和语法错误的英语的贬称，特指未受良好教育的菲律宾人所说的英语
"Reyes describes the titular protagonist as a “product of the American era”—a materialistic opportunist clad in “modern attire” like wide pants, who “spoke in ‘carabao English.’”"
全盛期，鼎盛时期——此处指二战后漫画在菲律宾的黄金时代
"Komiks enjoyed a heyday after World War II, which Reyes ascribes in part to “writers’ desire to juxtapose the idealized world of the komiks against the misery and despair” around them."
并置，将……并列对照——此处指作家有意将理想化的漫画世界与战后现实苦难放在一起形成对比
"Komiks enjoyed a heyday after World War II, which Reyes ascribes in part to “writers’ desire to juxtapose the idealized world of the komiks against the misery and despair” around them."
缀满星辰图案的紧身胸衣——此处描述Darna服装上的星形装饰，暗合美国文化符号
"Sporting a winged tiara and star-spangled bustier and gifted with superhuman strength and flight, Darna could be called the Filipino version of Wonder Woman."
归因于，认为是……的原因——此处指Reyes将漫画的繁荣部分归因于作家的创作动机
"Komiks enjoyed a heyday after World War II, which Reyes ascribes in part to “writers’ desire to juxtapose the idealized world of the komiks against the misery and despair” around them."
带翼的头冠——此处指Darna标志性的带翅膀头饰，是超级英雄身份的象征性装束
"Sporting a winged tiara and star-spangled bustier and gifted with superhuman strength and flight, Darna could be called the Filipino version of Wonder Woman."
博学多才者；通才（在多个学科领域都有深入造诣的人）
"This aspiration that philosophy render the world intelligible is best expressed by the German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza."
可理解的；能被理性把握的（在此文中特指：事物之所以如此而非别样的理由能够被理性所把握，从而消除神秘感）
"When an explanation makes a fact intelligible, the mystery goes out of it."
连贯地；逻辑一致地（此处指：无法在逻辑上自洽地想象其反面）
"That one plus one equals two strikes us as not merely true but unavoidable; we cannot even coherently imagine its falsity."
使个体化；区分出个体（此处指属性使事物成为独特的、可区分的个体）
"Distinct things are individuated by their properties."
被征服的；被战胜的（此处指'荒谬'不会被轻易克服或消除）
"The absurd is not so easily vanquished."
宏伟建筑；思想体系（此处为隐喻：指高度有序的哲学理论体系，如同一座座宏伟的建筑）
"A messy, unintelligible world doesn't preclude the construction of highly orderly philosophical edifices."
过于直白的；缺乏含蓄的（此处指艺术作品如果意义太明显，就失去了美学价值）
"On the other hand, it seems legitimate to criticise art when its meaning is too obvious, its message too on the nose."
分为两支的；二元分裂的（此处指二元论将现实分裂为物质实体和精神实体）
"On this view, reality is bifurcated into physical substance characterised by spatial extension, and mental substance characterised by thought, where the latter accounts for consciousness."
极其恶劣的；令人震惊的（此处指如果意识无法被解释，将是对充足理由律的严重违反）
"If consciousness cannot be explained in principle, this would be a particularly egregious violation of the PSR."
有共同边界的；完全重合的（此处指上帝与自然完全同一，没有分离）
"On this view, God is not a separate entity that is an external cause of nature; rather, God is coterminous with nature."
马赛克；镶嵌画（此处为隐喻：指世界如同马赛克般由无数分散的、无内在联系的局部事实拼凑而成）
"David Lewis, perhaps the most prominent Humean of the past century, maintained that 'all there is to the world is a vast mosaic of local matters of particular fact, just one little thing and then another.'"
半影的；边缘模糊的（此处出现在文章标题中，指介于可知与不可知之间的模糊地带）
"The penumbral plunge"
无限小地；极其微小地（数学意义上趋近于零但非零）
"For Leibniz, the demand led him to propose that reality is ultimately made up of a multiplicity of monads: indivisible, infinitesimally small units of substance, each of which is a causally isolated, self-contained universe."
泛心论（认为意识是物质的基本属性，一切事物从基本粒子到行星都具有某种程度的意识）
"As we will see, the demand for intelligibility can also lead into the strange and fascinating world of panpsychism."
单子（莱布尼茨哲学中表示不可分割的、非物质的基本实体单位，每个单子都是独立自足的宇宙）
"For Leibniz, the demand led him to propose that reality is ultimately made up of a multiplicity of monads: indivisible, infinitesimally small units of substance, each of which is a causally isolated, self-contained universe."
使……具体化、明确化；集中体现（此处指该原则集中体现了普遍可理解性的雄心）
"To investigate whether panpsychism truly can make the world intelligible, we will explore three different arguments, each of which is grounded in a principle that crystallises the ambitious aim of universal intelligibility: the principle of sufficient reason (PSR)."
令人难以接受的；令人不快的（此处指必然论对自由意志的威胁让许多人感到难以接受）
"Since the PSR applies to everything, it seems to entail the necessity of everything, and many find this unpalatable because it threatens free will and the seemingly obvious fact that all manner of things could have been different in all sorts of ways."
长久的；永恒的；反复出现的（此处指哲学对可理解性的追求是贯穿历史的、永不消退的）
"To grasp the kinds of reasons or explanations sought by Leibniz and Spinoza 'is the perennial hope and promise of philosophy'."
消解；使消失（此处指哲学理论能够'消解'生命的神秘性——但作者对此持怀疑态度）
"But it would be a mistake to think these capable, even in principle, of definitively dissolving life's mysteries."
休谟式的；受休谟哲学影响的（特指否认必然性和深层解释、认为世界只是'一个又一个局部事实的巨大马赛克'的立场）
"Contemporary philosophers who describe themselves as 'Humean', that is, as influenced by the Scottish Enlightenment philosopher David Hume, are explicit in their rejection of necessity and ultimate explanations."
精密的回避体系（精心建构的、用于躲避真相的心理/社会结构）
"...but elaborate systems of evasion, of illusion, designed to make themselves and the world appear to be what they and the world are not."
真正的决定使人谦卑（因为真正的决定意味着你承认自己受制于无数不可名状的力量）
"Their decisions are not really decisions at all — a real decision makes one humble, one knows that it is at the mercy of more things than can be named..."
巨额的购书开销（作者的俏皮自造词，biblio-『书』+ expenses『开销』）
"...whenever you buy a book from a link here, I receive a small percentage of its price, which goes straight back into my own colossal biblioexpenses."
幼稚的、婴儿般的（带贬义，指本该成熟却仍停留在幼稚阶段）
"...not in the infantile American sense of being made happy but in the tough and universal sense of quest and daring and growth."
穷凶极恶的、邪恶的（常带几分诙谐的夸张）
"(TLDR: You're safe — there are no nefarious 'third parties' lurking on my watch or shedding crumbs of the 'cookies' the rest of the internet uses.)"
自欺（明知真相却对自己说谎的心理机制）
"People who believe that they are strong-willed and the masters of their destiny can only continue to believe this by becoming specialists in self-deception."
（如推土机般）彻底摧毁、连根拔起（某种观念）
"Elsewhere, Baldwin razes through the delusion:"
任由……摆布、完全受……支配
"Their decisions are not really decisions at all — a real decision makes one humble, one knows that it is at the mercy of more things than can be named..."
（河流入海的）河口湾、三角湾
"Never having imagined that love would make of the Harlem River an estuary to the Bosphorus, Baldwin finds himself reckoning with the broader meaning of it all:"
系泊桩（隐喻：人生中稳定我们的依托——爱人、朋友、归属）
"People can't, unhappily, invent their mooring posts, their lovers and their friends, anymore than they can invent their parents."
不大可能的、难以置信的（在此指'超出常规叙事逻辑的'）
"Having turned his entire life around to follow his improbable Turkish lover to Istanbul, Baldwin reflects:"
恩典之境（神学用语：灵魂被上帝恩宠的状态；引申为一种超越凡俗的精神境界）
"I use the word 'love' here not merely in the personal sense but as a state of being, or a state of grace..."
（无意识地）暴露、泄露（内心的真实状态）
"Our language betrays our self-betrayals: We speak of finding love, as if it were an undiscovered eighth continent or a habitable world in another solar system..."
（想法、情感等）充满、跳动着（某种矛盾或张力）
"Like the paradoxical notion of finding yourself, the notion of finding love pulsates with equal parts helplessness and hubris..."