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（文化或政治上的）复合身份，尤指由两种或多种文化背景混合而成的身份（如“爱尔兰-英国人”）。
"In his early work Longley’s sense of hyphenated identity sometimes expressed itself in a striking if obviously figurative clinical idiom."
不稳定、不确定的状态；风险性、脆弱性。在此特指诗歌创作能否成功的悬而未决的状态。
"Several of his best readers have picked up on this quality of his imagination: McDonald has written (admiringly) of the ‘apparent fragility’ of the poems, and the critic John Lyon argued that ‘precariousness is a precondition of Longley’s art.’"
仁慈地、和善地；无害地。在此语境中，形容女神珀耳塞福涅慈爱地、温和地注视着冬眠中的自然万物。
"The early poem ‘Persephone’, for instance, which Longley considered one of his best, has the goddess of Spring watching benignly over the hibernating life of nature at the winter equinox, but the poem’s final sighting is the crafty progress of weasels, stoats and foxes."
定下基调；确立核心主题或主导性情感。
"Longley had the poem open his first major collection, No Continuing City (1969); it occupied the same slot in his Selected Poems (1998) and does so again in Ash Keys, so it feels like a poem intended to strike a keynote, rather as Seamus Heaney’s ‘Digging’ did as the opener to Death of a Naturalist (1966)."
（计划、目标、才能等的）实现，完成；取得成果。
"But the true fruition of his version of the mythical method came later, starting with the sequence of retold Homeric episodes in Gorse Fires (1991), a volume that marked a triumphant return to publication after several years of silence."
(责任、权力或地位) 被转移给他人，尤指定下来由上至下的传递
"Instead, the crown devolved to Mary, the Protestant daughter of James’s first wife..."
使用模糊或模棱两可的语言表达，通常是为了逃避问题或误导他人
"...and Tories – who were just as involved in the revolution as the Whigs but subscribed to similar notions of divine right as the Jacobites – equivocated on the vexed question of resistance."
慷慨的赠与或资助，尤指来自富人或权贵的大方给予
"While the difficult ratification process in the Parliament of Scotland of 1706-7 was sweetened with English largesse..."
利用公共职位谋取私利的不诚实行为；以权谋私；假公济私
"...so too are the grubby political jobbery of 1707 and the Highland Clearances of the first half of the 19th century."
名词，指用来欺骗或蒙蔽人的胡言乱语；鬼话；诡计。现代用法中，尤指政客用来误导公众的虚假言辞。
"...those angry Tory gammons it had aroused became even more incensed when they realised they had been gulled."
比喻指在两种对立身份、党派或立场之间灵活切换、两面讨好的行为或性质
"...supplied opportunities for amphibious behaviours of many sorts: double-crossing, spying for both sides and agile switches of allegiance."
一个习惯性地编造故事或虚假记忆的人；一个虚构事实者
"John Ker of Kersland – a slippery figure and a self-serving confabulist – seems to have plotted during 1707-8..."
引起广泛争论、困扰或烦恼的；棘手的
"...and Tories – who were just as involved in the revolution as the Whigs but subscribed to similar notions of divine right as the Jacobites – equivocated on the vexed question of resistance."
公开的辱骂、强烈谴责或批评
"The early 18th-century ‘rage of party’ provoked unrestrained polemic, obloquy and satire between Whigs and Tories."
一种缓慢、庄重、通常带有悲剧性的三拍子宫廷舞蹈。此处用作隐喻，比喻一种缓慢、有章法、仪式化的过程。
"...would replace the measured sarabande of intercession and indulgence that had followed the Fifteen."
同时并存（……和……）；既……又……（带有一丝矛盾或并置的意味）
"The worker’s burly shirtlessness and his anime eyes ... these all make the mural at once heroic and preposterous."
不再存在的；失效的；已废除的（尤指组织、系统或事物）
"the inestimable role in social mobility played by that now defunct network of schools."
卧铺火车
"a world of people tailed by the secret services who seem always to be on boats to and from Leningrad, or on sleeper trains across the steppe"
（此处为比喻义）被……追踪、尾随
"there’s a certain romance to it all, a world of people tailed by the secret services"
无法估量的；极其重要的（通常形容贡献、价值等）
"Most of them were educated at art colleges in the 1920s, early examples of the inestimable role in social mobility played by that now defunct network of schools."
义演；慈善活动（尤其是为支持某个特定事业而举办的音乐会或活动）
"The AIA’s exhibitions, often held in aid of, say, the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil War, were essentially benefit gigs, for which works were canvassed from practically anyone of note in British modern art who wasn’t a fascist."
（此处意为）向……征集/拉票（请求艺术家的作品，如同拉选票）
"works were canvassed from practically anyone of note in British modern art who wasn’t a fascist"
（政治上的）同路人；同情者（指不正式加入某个政党或运动，但对其政治主张表示同情和支持的人）
"Lindey focuses on the AIA’s core painters and sculptors, has much less interest in the fellow travellers and donors"
（有组织的）大屠杀；集体迫害（特指历史上对犹太人的迫害）
"Misha Black had been born in Baku into a relatively wealthy Jewish family, but came to Britain as a refugee from the pogroms of the late Russian Empire."
（对某个事物）大量加以批评或蔑视，如同倾倒肥料（比喻用语）
"The AIA created the sort of art which has had critical manure heaped on it since the 1940s"
（此处为比喻义）挖掘出、发现（被遗忘或掩埋的事物，如历史、文化）
"It was a product of the sort of Communist culture that has been difficult to excavate since it was buried by George Orwell and his innumerable followers"
掌管；领导（一个组织、运动等）
"The figures who were at the helm of the AIA – Misha Black, Pearl Binder, Clifford Rowe, James Holland, James Fitton, James Boswell, Betty Rea, Nan Youngman, Clive Branson – are largely forgotten."
假天真的；刻意模仿天真的（风格或行为）
"The worker’s burly shirtlessness and his anime eyes, the faux-naive style, the lack of even the slightest irony or awareness of its own ridiculousness"
在……的后台、幕后（指不为人知的、非公开的、处理繁琐事务的领域）
"He thrives in the backrooms of art history, in the meetings, the minutes and the secret service archives"
无缺点的；无可挑剔的；完美的
"The pedigree of the mural was impeccable – Hastings painted it with the assistance of the muralist Clifford Wight, and both men had worked with Diego Rivera in the US"
（形容动作或风格）笨拙而笨重地移动或进行的，但带有一种自信或快乐的感觉
"It is a confident if galumphing effort in the style of Mexican muralism, in which a supersized proletarian overturns St Paul’s Cathedral on one side and the Houses of Parliament on the other"
巨大的；超大型的（此处指工人阶级形象被描绘得异常庞大，具有压倒性力量）
"in which a supersized proletarian overturns St Paul’s Cathedral on one side and the Houses of Parliament on the other"
（此处指作品的）起源、背景或传承；可指纯正、优良的血统或出身
"The pedigree of the mural was impeccable – Hastings painted it with the assistance of the muralist Clifford Wight, and both men had worked with Diego Rivera in the US"
极其荒谬的；不合情理的；令人难以置信的（以至于到了可笑的程度）
"The worker’s burly shirtlessness and his anime eyes, the faux-naive style, the lack of even the slightest irony or awareness of its own ridiculousness – these all make the mural at once heroic and preposterous."
令人心酸的；令人痛苦的；深切感人的（通常因为与悲伤、遗憾或同情有关）
"the mural is as embarrassing as it is poignant."
以一种令人着迷的方式显得完全陌生、异乎寻常、不属于自己所熟悉的世界
"It is fascinatingly alien – whenever I visit the library, I can’t keep my eyes off it"
（尤指慷慨的）赠予，施舍
"Disu is right to query the motives of Europeans and US foundations, but Nigeria is a complicated recipient of Western largesse: elites welcome it so long as domestic players, for whom it may not have been intended, get their share."
彻底毁灭，消灭
"The government has, however, added its voice to the clamour for the return of artefacts taken during the colonial period – above all the Benin bronzes, which were looted after the annihilation of the Kingdom of Benin by a British expeditionary force in 1897."
轻蔑，不屑一顾
"Demands for their return to Nigeria were originally met with scorn, but museums in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK (although not the BM) have since pledged to the oba of Benin, now a non-sovereign monarch, to return their holdings."
终结，平息（争论、谣言或想法）
"According to Shadreck Chirikure, an archaeologist at Oxford and a MOWAA consultant, the museum has the potential to ‘put to bed the idea that Africa has no space and capacity to look after its heritage’."
（来自公众的）强烈要求，大声疾呼
"The government has, however, added its voice to the clamour for the return of artefacts taken during the colonial period – above all the Benin bronzes, which were looted after the annihilation of the Kingdom of Benin by a British expeditionary force in 1897."
似乎无处不在的，十分普遍的
"...especially since such problems are ubiquitous among teens?"
不加选择地，杂乱地，无节制地
"The law should not promiscuously expand civil liability, opening the floodgates not just for social media companies but for other industries such as gambling or fast food which meet the loose addiction criteria."
（在法庭上）作出正式判决，裁决
"They differ greatly depending on whether social media addiction is being treated in a clinical setting or adjudicated in a courtroom."
存在于…之前，在时间上早于
"For the defense, the Meta team argued the plaintiff’s psychological distress predated her use of Instagram and rejected claims that their apps were 'clinically' addictive by design."
补偿性损害赔偿金，旨在补偿原告实际遭受的损失，使其恢复到受损害前的状态
"Kaley won $3 million in compensatory damages, and $3 million in punitive damages. Meta is appealing."
让更冷静、更理智的态度或人最终获胜或占上风
"Big Tech faces a tsunami of litigation, but it’s time for cooler heads to prevail."
（网络平台）开始直播或正式上线运营
"We apologize for the technical problems that meant we were unable to go live on Substack with Nils Gilman last month."
（法律）责任，法定的偿付义务
"In a case heard this March, a Los Angeles jury decided against Meta... finding them liable for negligence and defective design."
（比喻）如潮水般涌来的大量事物，尤指无法避免的、具有压倒性之势的事件
"Big Tech faces a tsunami of litigation, but it’s time for cooler heads to prevail."