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近在眼前的范围；短期视野
"From fast fashion to electoral contests to quarterly earnings reports, the system is responsive to the pursuit of happiness defined by the near horizon."
（共识、关系等）瓦解、松动、磨损
"To keep the consensus from fraying, it overcompensates on the side of repressive order and control of freedom."
国家干预主义的；政府主导经济计划的
"While state-guided dirigiste policies that champion and support strategic industries deemed critical for the future are roundly frowned upon in market economies..."
被远远甩在后面；被彻底超越
"It is only to warn that unless democracies can look beyond the short-term horizon and find ways to reach a governing consensus that sticks, they will be left in the dust of the oncoming future."
整体组合；协同运作的集合体
"When a key strategic goal is ordained by the Party, the state fosters a 'whole dragon' approach in which start-up subsidies, sourcing, supply chains and production capacity are vertically aligned, making it one of the most powerful production ensembles in economic history."
面向……的；为……而设计的；调适于
"All the feedback signals — in politics, culture and the market — are geared to short-term gratification."
短期满足；即时满足感
"All the feedback signals — in politics, culture and the market — are geared to short-term gratification."
刺耳的杂音；纷乱的喧哗（比喻意见纷杂）
"It is the opposite of the open societies of the West, where the flaw lies within the strength of diverse participation and electoral competition: a growing inability to forge a consensus on long-term goals out of the cacophony of voices, the welter of contending interests and the immediate wash of fickle public opinion."
感觉中枢，感官系统（指人类整体感知能力的总和）
"To capture the sound of a squirrel's heartbeat or a fly's footfall was part of that rage for extending the human sensorium."
博学之士，学者（此处特指17世纪皇家学会的博学自然哲学家）
"the prospect of which bedazzled the savants of the Royal Society in the later 17th century"
看似有理的，表面上站得住脚的（但实际可能不正确）
"Stokes pronounced that the effect was caused by electromagnetic induction, a colourable explanation."
使眼花缭乱，使着迷（因某种前景或可能性而陶醉）
"the prospect of which bedazzled the savants of the Royal Society in the later 17th century"
一种虚构的助听装置（源自希腊语 ous/oto- 耳 + akoustikos 听觉的）
"The device is named an Otacousticon, and described as a 'receiver of sounds, as spectacles like eyes for sight'."
先驱，前身，始祖（此处指某种技术的最早雏形）
"The Otacousticon is the distant progenitor of those large parabolic concrete acoustic mirrors set up along the English south coast in the 1930s."
城邦（古希腊语 polis 的复数形式，指古希腊的城邦国家）
"I argue that Hellenistic poleis strove to create spaces for autonomy"
寡头政治的（由少数人掌权的）
"Should the present age of oligarchical tendencies make us doubt the workings of local freedoms and democracy in a distant past?"
常客，熟客（此处名词用法，指对某地极为熟悉的人、经常出入某圈子的人）
"As an Austrian immigrant, long-time resident of Southern California and Hollywood familiar, Viertel was ideally placed to assist German refugees."
乐观的（但可能不切实际的），带着玫瑰色眼镜看世界的
"This might be a rosy-eyed view, as our current low, dishonest decade suggests."
贬低，轻蔑地谈论
"Though Benjamin Franklin disparaged the 'Palatine boors', they had the last laugh."
高利贷（此处指中世纪基督教禁止的'放贷收息'行为）
"as well as access to their loans (usury being forbidden to Christians)"
小英格兰主义者（主张英国不应卷入海外帝国事务，专注本土的人）
"Ferdinand Mount quotes J.B. Priestley's wish to be called a 'Little Englander' as an example of English self-deception."
用'嘘'声赶走（动物），驱赶
"chasing a number of ducks round the quadrangle in a vain attempt to shoo them away"
坚持要求……的人，一丝不苟的人（常与 for 连用，指对规则或标准极为严格的人）
"a formidable character known to be a stickler for college punctilio"
回应，答复（法律术语，指对对方论点的回应；此处为幽默用法，暗示门房的回答不容反驳）
"His response was terse and invited no rejoinder: 'Sir, they walk on the bleedin' grass.'"
天主教徒（贬义用语，带有强烈的新教偏见）
"He saw this as a golden opportunity to expel papists from his lands and replace them with hardworking Protestants."
笑到最后，最终获胜（在起初被嘲笑或轻视后最终取得成功）
"Though Benjamin Franklin disparaged the 'Palatine boors', they had the last laugh."
乐观的（但可能不切实际的），带着玫瑰色眼镜看世界的
"This might be a rosy-eyed view, as our current low, dishonest decade suggests."
实行民主制的城邦（古希腊语，poleis 为 polis 的复数，demokratoumenai 为'被民主治理的'）
"Or should a record of actually existing poleis demokratoumenai (self-governing states) tell us something about possibilities in the present?"
（社交或礼仪上的）细节，繁文缛节（此处为幽默用法，指学院规矩的刻板讲究）
"One day a group of us entered the college to find one of the senior porters – a formidable character known to be a stickler for college punctilio – chasing a number of ducks round the quadrangle"
潺潺流淌的（形容溪水流动时发出的轻柔声音）
"might leave the supplemented listener yearning for the quieter sounds of the 'whispering zephyr, and the purling rill'."
巧妙的，错综复杂的（源自希腊神话中工匠代达罗斯 Daedalus）
"But despite all these Daedalian technological improvements, he suggested, 'man does not feel happy in his Godlike character.'"
颤动着活着的；极度敏感、全身都在颤动的（形容感觉过度放大后的痛苦状态）
"A human being whose sense of touch had been artificially amplified might find themselves 'tremblingly alive all o'er', constrained to 'smart and agonise at every pore'."
散发出的气味/微粒（尤指被认为有害的或来自物体的细微散发物）
"Worse still, if our sense of smell were similarly enhanced, so that 'quick effluvia darting through the brain' would result in death by the scent of a rose 'in aromatic pain'."
为……跑腿，为……当牛做马（英国公学中低年级学生为高年级学生服务的制度）
"being surprised and pained and saying 'Bad show!' if some blighters refused to fag for them"
讨厌的家伙，可怜虫（带有轻微的贬义或戏谑意味，常含同情或无奈）
"wanting to go and boss everybody about all over the world, and being surprised and pained and saying 'Bad show!' if some blighters refused to fag for them"
脚步声；脚步落地的声音（此处为比喻用法，指极其细微的声音）
"To capture the sound of a squirrel's heartbeat or a fly's footfall was part of that rage for extending the human sensorium."
假体的，义肢的（此处作比喻，指对感官的技术性延伸/替代）
"But such a radical prosthetic adjustment of our senses might have unforeseen consequences, as Alexander Pope predicted in his Essay on Man (1733)."
坩埚；比喻'熔炼与锻造事物的场所'——此处指心灵是经验的熔炉，各种体验在其中被转化、提纯
"Because the mind is the crucible of experience and perception, there is no greater waste of life than the waste of mind."
杂集、杂录；此处指杂志等由杂七杂八内容拼凑的浅薄读物
"The peculiar weariness and depression of spirits which is felt after a day wasted in turning over a magazine or other light miscellany"
箴言、准则；尤指指导行为的原则（此处指霍桑立下的四条人生守则）
"Four precepts: To break off customs; to shake off spirits ill-disposed; to meditate on youth; to do nothing against one's genius."
（在乡间的）漫步、闲游；此处名词复数指散记式的漫游记录
"Between story ideas (one of which became The Scarlet Letter), tender records of raising his young son, and lyrical accounts of his rambles in nature"
（著作）卷帙浩繁的；篇幅极其庞大的
"takes up the question of what that means throughout his voluminous notebooks"
反复思量、清算与审视（内心对某事的深层盘算）
"he keeps reckoning with how to live in order not to look back with "a lament for life's wasted sunshine.""
心怀恶意的、情绪不佳的；此处指内心那些'怀着不善情绪的精神状态'（如忧烦、嫉妒、怨怒）
"To break off customs; to shake off spirits ill-disposed; to meditate on youth; to do nothing against one's genius."
（贬义或描述性的）称呼、诨名；此处指霍桑为某一天寻找一个合适的'名目'来概括它
"I look back upon a day spent in what the world would call idleness, and for which I can myself suggest no more appropriate epithet;"
拆解、拆除（制度、体系）；此处指奥威尔写作对极权主义的逐步瓦解
"A century later, George Orwell would embody the same truth about the spirit, growing a rose garden while dismantling totalitarianism."
（此处经梅尔维尔创造性用法）令人感到温暖、宽厚而富有生命力的（尤指沉默）
"described by Hermann Melville (who wrote him passionate love letters and dedicated Moby-Dick to him) as a man of "great, genial, comprehending silences,""
（作者自创词）购书开支、书籍消费；指作者为读书买书所花费的巨资
"I receive a small percentage of its price, which goes straight back into my own colossal biblioexpenses."
熠熠生辉的；在此语境中形容某人的话语如光般闪烁、既美且透着真理的光泽
"it is only, in poet Muriel Rukeyser's shimmering words, in the living moment that "we touch life and all the energy of the past and future""