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代谢；消化吸收——此处为隐喻用法，指机构试图'消化'自己不光彩的历史，将其纳入自身叙事
"This is what it looks like when a large institution attempts to metabolise its own ignominious history."
可耻的；不光彩的；令人羞耻的——形容Southbank Centre数十年打压滑板者的历史
"This is what it looks like when a large institution attempts to metabolise its own ignominious history."
平反；证明正确——此处指Skate 50展览（尽管有缺陷）终于承认了滑板者才是Southbank最忠实的用户
"Skate 50 was, in one sense, a belated vindication of the skateboarders who used the Undercroft and were truly the Southbank's most loyal constituency."
阈限的；过渡性的；处于边界状态的——形容Southbank滑板社区处于社会边缘、既不在此也不在彼的中间状态
"It was a socially liminal place, occupied by socially liminal people."
可供性；在此语境中指建筑表面（混凝土、石材、砖块等）为滑板者提供的潜在功能与可能性——即材料的'可供滑板之用'的特质
"Who else has found the beauty in seemingly pointless 1970s municipal red-brick angled banking or is as familiar with the material qualities of concrete, stone, brick, paving, their behaviour under varying conditions, their creative affordances?"
迷宫般的；错综复杂的——形容Southbank Centre那些迂回曲折、令人迷失的步道
"Their visionary sense of spaces and places in the future city was materialised in the brutalist concrete blocks, elevated platforms and mazy walkways of the Southbank Centre."
暗中破坏；使失去效力——此处指Southbank Centre最终设法让Undercroft不再是一个自由空间
"In the years before the Southbank Centre finally managed to nobble it – even after the bank-to-wall was blocked, even after the barriers went up – the Undercroft was still a free, undetermined space."
愚蠢至极的；笨得令人难以置信的——作者用以形容Southbank Centre管理层用大锤在铺地上凿出深沟来阻止滑板者的行为
"In subsequent years access to the smaller banks was shut off with large metal barriers (skaters first learned to use them, then repeatedly tore them down; they were eventually removed), the overhead lighting was disabled, large stones were set into the 'driveway' (these are still there) and, perhaps most numbskulled of all, large furrows were jack-hammered directly into an expanse of paving."
无法根除的；不可磨灭的——作者用以说明Skate 50展览对Southbank Centre而言是一种永远无法抹去的耻辱
"In another, ineradicable sense, the exhibition was a humiliation for the Southbank Centre."
暗中破坏；使失去效力——此处指Southbank Centre最终设法让Undercroft不再是一个自由空间
"In the years before the Southbank Centre finally managed to nobble it – even after the bank-to-wall was blocked, even after the barriers went up – the Undercroft was still a free, undetermined space."
令人困惑的；莫名其妙的——形容那些对普通公众而言难以理解的建筑空间，滑板者却能看到其用途
"In the same way, skateboarders were the first and only people to have understood, in the sense of being able to see a use for, such baffling and unlovely spaces as San Francisco's Embarcadero Plaza..."
临时的；即兴的；专门为此目的的——此处指保安人员临时想出的、权宜性的解决方案
"This bizarre campaign of self-destructive intervention by the Southbank Centre was periodically augmented by the persecution of skaters and photographers by security guards, who would, from time to time, devise ad hoc solutions to their problem; in one of their (temporarily) more successful ruses, large amounts of gravel were scattered through the space, making it impossible to skate."
计谋；诡计——此处指保安人员为驱赶滑板者而想出的各种花招
"This bizarre campaign of self-destructive intervention by the Southbank Centre was periodically augmented by the persecution of skaters and photographers by security guards, who would, from time to time, devise ad hoc solutions to their problem; in one of their (temporarily) more successful ruses, large amounts of gravel were scattered through the space, making it impossible to skate."
不美的；不讨人喜欢的——但与'ugly'不同，'unlovely'暗示的是'缺乏被爱的特质'而非'丑陋'
"In the same way, skateboarders were the first and only people to have understood, in the sense of being able to see a use for, such baffling and unlovely spaces as San Francisco's Embarcadero Plaza, the blocks and steps outside Barcelona's Museu d'Art Contemporani (MACBA), the red-brick waves under the Brooklyn Bridge, and any number of other postmodern non-spaces and inter-spaces."
小圈子排外的；派系性强的——形容Southbank滑板社区对外来者不友好的封闭性
"Southbank could be cliquey, and outsiders or beginners could find the atmosphere created by regulars intimidating."
鉴赏家的眼光——指滑板者以专业鉴赏者的视角审视铺地类型、砖砌、长凳等城市景观细节
"Any seasoned skateboarder could furnish you with an alternative guide to a city you think you know, picking out landmarks you've never noticed while casting a connoisseur's eye over paving types, brickwork, benches, steps and every other idiosyncrasy of the urban landscape."
间隙空间；过渡空间——指城市中那些不属于任何明确功能区域、处于正式空间之间的边缘地带
"In the same way, skateboarders were the first and only people to have understood, in the sense of being able to see a use for, such baffling and unlovely spaces as San Francisco's Embarcadero Plaza, the blocks and steps outside Barcelona's Museu d'Art Contemporani (MACBA), the red-brick waves under the Brooklyn Bridge, and any number of other postmodern non-spaces and inter-spaces."
瘾君子；吸毒者——在此语境中是作者对Southbank地区社会底层人群的直白描述，带有刻意的粗粝感
"There were often drunks and junkies and crazy people hanging about."
仿作；拼凑之作——此处指今天的Undercroft不过是对其过去自由精神的一种被驯化的、变丑了的模仿
"But the public status of the Southbank Centre meant they could and did save at least something of that place, even if today's Undercroft is a tamed and uglified pastiche of its former self."
独特之处；特质；癖性——此处指城市景观中每一个独特的细节特征
"Any seasoned skateboarder could furnish you with an alternative guide to a city you think you know, picking out landmarks you've never noticed while casting a connoisseur's eye over paving types, brickwork, benches, steps and every other idiosyncrasy of the urban landscape."
易碎的，脆的（此处形容Clare北安普顿时期诗歌的质地：脆弱却又具有践踏性的力量）
"They sound friable yet trampling, childish yet huge."
八行体（一种意大利诗歌形式，每节八行，韵式为 ABABABCC）
"Although the latter borrows the ottava rima and droll multisyllable rhymes of Byron's poem, its impetus is far more Juvenalian."
交错配列法（一种修辞结构，两个平行短语以相反顺序排列，如'不要问你的国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为你的国家做什么'）
"The poem's most fruitful – and fruitless – ambiguity is its closing chiasmus: 'So let me lie,/The grass below; above the vaulted sky.'"
姿态性的，示意性的（此处指诗歌仅停留在姿态/意图层面，未充分实现为具体的艺术表达）
"Where 'A Scene', like many of Clare's early poems, is largely gestural, 'The Old Willow' seems fully realised, its images crisp and tangible."
别称，雅号（此处指附加在诗人名字前的描述性称号，如'农民诗人'）
"Clare's actual memorial, erected after his death in 1864, reads 'Northamptonshire Peasant Poet', borrowing the epithet from the title page of his first collection, Poems Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery (1820)."
翠绿的，青葱的（此处形容Clare的诗歌充满植物/自然的绿色意象）
"He knew his local environment intimately – as Richard Mabey notes, Clare was 'granted 65 first county records for birds and more than 40 for plants' – and could not otherwise have written such virid poems."
极度地，危险地（此处修饰'fond of drink'，暗示其饮酒习惯已到了危险的程度）
"Despite being parlously fond of drink, or 'John Barleycorn' as he described it in 'The Cellar Door', he was productive."
语法错误，语病（此处指Clare有意或无意违反语法规范的语言使用）
"Bate compares his happy use of solecisms to his discontent with the Linnean taxonomic system."
轻浮的人，无聊的琐事（此处形容Horace Walpole作为'闲聊的浅薄之人'）
"When his gossiping fribble had discovered [Rowley's poems] to be forgeries why did he not discover the genius of the author – no because they surpassd his Leadenhall forgery of "Otranto"."
傲慢的，目中无人的（形容Lockhart对济慈的评论居高临下）
"John Gibson Lockhart, in his supercilious review of Keats in Blackwood's, was not the first to argue that 'the just celebrity of Robert Burns … has had the melancholy effect of turning the heads of we know not how many farm servants.'"
（此处指）蓄意制造的迷惑、使人困惑的虚假说辞
"His writing reflected his belief that Marxism offered the best theoretical defence against the mystifications of racism, and that the organised workers' movement was the greatest hope for improving conditions for African Americans."
像回旋镖一样飞回原处；此处比喻期望最终反噬自身、事与愿违
"The recognition of his error, following what he calls 'much painful boomeranging of my expectations', forms the basis for the high-spirited reflection on self-sufficiency, or 'invisibility', that bookends the narrative."
傲慢、高高在上的神态或气派
"Success may bring a feeling of pressure or fear, pomposity or hauteur, a loss of hunger – all of them blocks to further growth."
家长式统治；以保护者自居、替他人做主的家长作风
"But he was soon put off by the patronage and paternalism of the American Communist Party's white leadership and its acceptance of Soviet policy on everything from the treatment of American fascists to the segregation of the armed forces."
乐观的、充满希望的；（对人、局势）抱有信心的
"Though Ellison's recourse to a sociological standard amounted to shifting the goalposts, the argument was consistent with his sanguine attitude towards the South."
（沙皇或权威者的）敕令；专断的命令
"So that was its legacy: America's awareness of itself as a single, albeit fractured, continent. Having alluded to a split over 'fundamental issues', Ellison writes that in the novel, social reality is presented through the limited perspective of Henry Fleming, a Northern soldier 'only vaguely aware' of the war's 'larger issues'."
（此处指）某个群体用来区分内外的信条或口号；陈腐的教条
"According to one view, the sanctity of the aesthetic was compromised by dealings with anything other than form, language and abstract ideas. As Howe characterised this position, 'literary judgment must not be defiled by political ideas.' It was a time, he later wrote, when '"the imagination" was allotted an absolute sovereignty, beyond challenge and sometimes beyond specification.'"
乏味、空洞、缺乏思想或生气
"He meant that this revealed the vapidity of Ellison's good cheer."
公开撤回（自己之前的言论或信仰）；认错并放弃
"He never recanted the claims in 'The World and the Jug', writing in 1985 that he was 'damned' if he was going to let Howe 'impose his narrowness of view upon whatever the hell I wrote'."
迂回说法；委婉回避直接表达的说话方式
"The essay itself contains no preaching, only circumlocution."
（本文语境）抢救、挽救——从损失或灾难中保存有价值之物
"Even with an ending, we can consider what practices of courage, care and value to adopt, and what can be salvaged as we build defenses, remember and protect elsewhere."
环礁——由珊瑚形成的环形岛屿或岛链，中间围有潟湖
"Tuvalu, a Pacific Island nation comprising small islets and low-lying atolls, is aiming to become the first "digital nation.""
有管理的撤退——一种有计划地放弃海岸防御、允许海水侵入的政策策略
"Locals mobilized against the process of "managed retreat," but the reputational damage was done and trust was destroyed."
（本文语境）碉堡——一种混凝土军事掩体，尤指二战期间英国海岸防御工事
"They are more than crumbling walls or upturned pillboxes — they are reminders of our past, anchors that root us to a sense of history and landscape."
（本文语境）轻蔑的、不予重视的——指官方文件轻视某事物的价值
"The Cumbria Coastal Strategy is dismissive of the value of the huts: "The majority of the frontage is undefended and there is no economic justification to providing significant investment at the present time.""
破败的、摇摇欲坠的——形容建筑因年久失修而濒临倒塌
"It was an apocalyptic feeling: dark skies, rock defenses, the bones of former homes, tumbledown walls and shattered fences."
（本文语境）涉禽——在浅水中觅食的鸟类，如鹬、鸻等
"Salty waters kill invertebrates on which nesting waders feed, and wash away habitat."
殉道——为信仰而死；引申为为某种事业而牺牲
"It's a word in the language of sanctity, martyrdom and faith — an act of giving something up to a higher purpose, to a god or to a devil."
短暂的、转瞬即逝的——仅持续极短时间的
""Old" ruins were once homes or lives. The world is ephemeral."
短暂性、无常——事物稍纵即逝的性质
"Transience may be an opportunity to tell complex stories though; "managed ruination" can be a way to write what the cultural geographer Caitlin DeSilvey refers to as an "anticipatory history" of absence."