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感觉中枢，感官系统（指人类整体感知能力的总和）
"To capture the sound of a squirrel's heartbeat or a fly's footfall was part of that rage for extending the human sensorium."
城邦（古希腊语 polis 的复数形式，指古希腊的城邦国家）
"I argue that Hellenistic poleis strove to create spaces for autonomy"
乐观的（但可能不切实际的），带着玫瑰色眼镜看世界的
"This might be a rosy-eyed view, as our current low, dishonest decade suggests."
脚步声；脚步落地的声音（此处为比喻用法，指极其细微的声音）
"To capture the sound of a squirrel's heartbeat or a fly's footfall was part of that rage for extending the human sensorium."
寡头政治的（由少数人掌权的）
"Should the present age of oligarchical tendencies make us doubt the workings of local freedoms and democracy in a distant past?"
贬低，轻蔑地谈论
"Though Benjamin Franklin disparaged the 'Palatine boors', they had the last laugh."
高利贷（此处指中世纪基督教禁止的'放贷收息'行为）
"as well as access to their loans (usury being forbidden to Christians)"
假体的，义肢的（此处作比喻，指对感官的技术性延伸/替代）
"But such a radical prosthetic adjustment of our senses might have unforeseen consequences, as Alexander Pope predicted in his Essay on Man (1733)."
小英格兰主义者（主张英国不应卷入海外帝国事务，专注本土的人）
"Ferdinand Mount quotes J.B. Priestley's wish to be called a 'Little Englander' as an example of English self-deception."
实行民主制的城邦（古希腊语，poleis 为 polis 的复数，demokratoumenai 为'被民主治理的'）
"Or should a record of actually existing poleis demokratoumenai (self-governing states) tell us something about possibilities in the present?"
博学之士，学者（此处特指17世纪皇家学会的博学自然哲学家）
"the prospect of which bedazzled the savants of the Royal Society in the later 17th century"
看似有理的，表面上站得住脚的（但实际可能不正确）
"Stokes pronounced that the effect was caused by electromagnetic induction, a colourable explanation."
常客，熟客（此处名词用法，指对某地极为熟悉的人、经常出入某圈子的人）
"As an Austrian immigrant, long-time resident of Southern California and Hollywood familiar, Viertel was ideally placed to assist German refugees."
使眼花缭乱，使着迷（因某种前景或可能性而陶醉）
"the prospect of which bedazzled the savants of the Royal Society in the later 17th century"
熠熠生辉的；在此语境中形容某人的话语如光般闪烁、既美且透着真理的光泽
"it is only, in poet Muriel Rukeyser's shimmering words, in the living moment that "we touch life and all the energy of the past and future""
（著作）卷帙浩繁的；篇幅极其庞大的
"takes up the question of what that means throughout his voluminous notebooks"
（在乡间的）漫步、闲游；此处名词复数指散记式的漫游记录
"Between story ideas (one of which became The Scarlet Letter), tender records of raising his young son, and lyrical accounts of his rambles in nature"
反复思量、清算与审视（内心对某事的深层盘算）
"he keeps reckoning with how to live in order not to look back with "a lament for life's wasted sunshine.""
（此处经梅尔维尔创造性用法）令人感到温暖、宽厚而富有生命力的（尤指沉默）
"described by Hermann Melville (who wrote him passionate love letters and dedicated Moby-Dick to him) as a man of "great, genial, comprehending silences,""
坩埚；比喻'熔炼与锻造事物的场所'——此处指心灵是经验的熔炉，各种体验在其中被转化、提纯
"Because the mind is the crucible of experience and perception, there is no greater waste of life than the waste of mind."
心怀恶意的、情绪不佳的；此处指内心那些'怀着不善情绪的精神状态'（如忧烦、嫉妒、怨怒）
"To break off customs; to shake off spirits ill-disposed; to meditate on youth; to do nothing against one's genius."
箴言、准则；尤指指导行为的原则（此处指霍桑立下的四条人生守则）
"Four precepts: To break off customs; to shake off spirits ill-disposed; to meditate on youth; to do nothing against one's genius."
（贬义或描述性的）称呼、诨名；此处指霍桑为某一天寻找一个合适的'名目'来概括它
"I look back upon a day spent in what the world would call idleness, and for which I can myself suggest no more appropriate epithet;"
拆解、拆除（制度、体系）；此处指奥威尔写作对极权主义的逐步瓦解
"A century later, George Orwell would embody the same truth about the spirit, growing a rose garden while dismantling totalitarianism."
杂集、杂录；此处指杂志等由杂七杂八内容拼凑的浅薄读物
"The peculiar weariness and depression of spirits which is felt after a day wasted in turning over a magazine or other light miscellany"
（作者自创词）购书开支、书籍消费；指作者为读书买书所花费的巨资
"I receive a small percentage of its price, which goes straight back into my own colossal biblioexpenses."
（在内部）酝酿、发酵、煽动；此处指思想与勇气在看似闲散的时光中悄然滋长、蓄势待发
"all the while ideas and fortitudes fermenting within."
视线，视廊（从特定位置可以看到的直线视野）
"As has always been the case, two vertical courtyard voids – one running the whole of the building's height, the other spanning three of its four storeys – create unexpected and visually arresting sight lines, allowing paintings and sculptures of different centuries displayed in galleries on different floors to be juxtaposed."
并置的，并列放置以产生对比效果的
"…allowing paintings and sculptures of different centuries displayed in galleries on different floors to be juxtaposed."
避光的，光线封闭的（为保护光敏材料而设计的）
"With the exception of the galleries devoted to works on paper, which were designed by Kahn to be light-locked for conservation reasons, the museum is notable for its use of natural light."
（税收、债务等）极其沉重的，使人无法承受的
"Crippling inheritance taxes and maintenance costs, among other factors, meant that the London art market was flooded with traditional British paintings and other works of art."
布杂艺术风格（巴黎美术学院派建筑风格，以华丽、对称、古典装饰为特征）
"Unlike the Frick in New York or the Huntington in San Marino, California, which showcase the collections amassed by Americans of an earlier generation in their own Beaux-Arts mansions, the YCBA has always been housed in a structure purpose-built as a museum."
亲英情结，对英国文化、制度和生活方式的强烈喜爱
"Sport and the Horse, which opened in 1960, reignited Mellon's Anglophilia and his passion for Stubbs's work."
（知识、收藏、文本中的）空白，缺失部分（复数形式；单数为 lacuna）
"He systematically sought out works from all periods in an effort to ensure that there were no lacunae in his holdings."
面向未来的保护措施，使（建筑、系统等）能适应未来需求
"Rather, the emphasis has been on conserving and future-proofing the building."
在此期间，在中间那些年里
"Plans for the YCBA were announced in 1966 and the museum opened to the public in 1977 – though Mellon remained an avid collector of British art in the intervening years and beyond, continuing to donate works to the YCBA on a regular basis until his death in 1999."
石灰华，一种多孔的沉积岩，广泛用于建筑装饰
"The museum's austere, grid-like façade of matte steel and opaque, reflective glass still gives way to serene, open-plan galleries of concrete, travertine stone and pale oak."
广泛撒网，涉猎广泛
"But Mellon cast a wide net. He collected works from the 16th century, such as a portrait miniature of c.1530 believed, when he bought it, to be by Hans Holbein the Younger."
永远地，无穷无尽地（含厌烦、无奈的语气）
"I didn't want to disappoint him but realised that I had no aptitude for banking and suspected that I would be everlastingly bored by the business world."
朴素的，无装饰的（褒义）；严峻的，苦行的
"The museum's austere, grid-like façade of matte steel and opaque, reflective glass still gives way to serene, open-plan galleries of concrete, travertine stone and pale oak."
以……为首尾界定，由……作为起止标志
"Mellon's first love was the long 18th century: the period bookended by the birth of William Hogarth, in 1697, and the death of J.M.W. Turner, in 1851."
奠基性捐赠，构成机构建立基础的核心捐赠
"At the museum's core is a foundational gift of works from Paul Mellon, who used his banking fortune to breed racehorses and acquire beautiful objects."
可感知的，几乎可以触摸到的（形容氛围、情感等极为强烈）
"Cecily Brown's The Hound with the Horses' Hooves (2019), an enormous abstract painting which depicts, from a lowered perspective and with an almost palpable sense of energy and movement, the blurred forms of a hound and a horse crashing through woodland at speed."
（博物馆、图书馆等机构所收藏的）藏品，馆藏
"Its holdings, which span the 15th century to the present day, include around 2500 paintings and sculptures, more than 50,000 works on paper and some 20,000 rare books and manuscripts."
慈善家，尤指通过大规模捐赠支持公共事业的富人
"His father, the financier and politician Andrew Mellon, was one of the richest men in America as well as a great philanthropist and collector."
古典大师（指欧洲19世纪以前的重要画家，或他们的作品）
"In 1937, Mellon père founded the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC with a gift of 126 Old Master paintings and 26 sculptures (including works by Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Veronese, Van Eyck, Van Dyck, Rembrandt and Vermeer), together with the funds to construct a suitably grand building in which to display them."
处于人生的十字路口，面临重大抉择的关键时刻
"On completing his studies, he found himself at a crossroads: I wanted to do something useful … I also knew that my father would dearly like me to make a career in the Mellon Bank."
（言辞、争吵等）尖刻的，激烈的，充满敌意的
"Throughout his childhood, he spent time with aunts, uncles, cousins and other extended family in England, even after his parents' acrimonious divorce in 1912."
（知识、态度的）潜移默化，无形中的吸收（原为生物学'渗透'之意）
"His father's Old Masters – 'always around me in my childhood' – also left an imprint: 'I am sure I absorbed a fondness for them and an appreciation of them by a sort of mental osmosis.'"