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去噪（从信号或图像中移除随机噪声的过程）
"Whitelam used a theoretical model of a “denoising” problem, simulated on a classical computer."
固有的，内在的（指事物本质属性而非外加的）
"...relying, in part, on the intrinsic thermodynamics of intermolecular interactions."
低温的（尤指极低温，如低于零下150°C）
"...quantum bits that have to be kept in delicate entangled quantum states and often need cryogenic cooling."
无处不在的
"These ‘out-of-equilibrium’ processes are ubiquitous in nature; life itself is one of them..."
支撑，构成…的基础
"Whitelam makes a similar comparison with the neural networks that underpin today’s AI."
利用（已有的事物）作为基础或跳板
"I think thermodynamic computing was developed with the thought that it was piggybacking on the computation that ‘already happens out there’..."
（使）皱缩；（蛋白质等）折叠成不规则形状
"...thermal fluctuations allow the chain to explore its energy landscape and crumple up into its most stable equilibrium state."
（数据或信号）被损坏的，变质的
"...a video of Paul Langevin’s face being steadily corrupted by noise, dissolving into random static."
量身定制的，专门设计的
"The thermodynamic computer they unveiled was a tailor-made printed circuit board containing eight clusters of components..."
弥漫于，渗透（指气味、感受、特性等遍布整个空间或系统）
"...the operation of a natural system like a living cell proceeds in a milieu pervaded by thermal noise..."
（社会或自然的）环境，背景
"...the operation of a natural system like a living cell proceeds in a milieu pervaded by thermal noise..."
嘈杂声，喧闹（常指混乱的声音或活动）
"What if, instead of trying to make devices that work despite the hubbub of thermal fluctuations..."
无计划的，随意的，杂乱无章的
"...we don’t want some haphazard heat fluctuation to flip a binary digit from a 1 to a 0..."
刚刚开始形成的，初生的（指领域、运动等）
"That’s the goal of a nascent field called thermodynamic computing."
格言式的；精辟而晦涩的；意指简洁、神秘且有时难以理解的话语。
"At first it speaks exclusively in gnomic phrases (‘I don’t want to see it, I just want to be it’ or ‘a new life … is beginning’)..."
一口气说出；流利地背诵出一长串（信息）。
"...but by the end of the novel it has learned to read and can reel off various esoteric facts, though there’s no way of checking them."
深奥难懂的；只有少数内行才能理解的。
"...but by the end of the novel it has learned to read and can reel off various esoteric facts, though there’s no way of checking them."
（与过去的某事物）类似的东西；复古；返祖。这里指Harrison的小说听起来像是回到了过去某个时代。
"That makes it sound like a throwback – a curious project for a writer of science fiction."
应受谴责的；极不道德的。
"He came to feel that mainstream science fiction wasn’t just inane: in its indifference to ordinary experience it was reprehensible."
勉强度日；靠微薄收入艰难维持生计。
"Now Tennent is 38 and eking out a living as a beachcomber, while Marnie is 70, ‘lively and determined one minute, precarious the next’."
被吸引向；倾向于。在此语境中指iGhetti仿佛受到某种自然力吸引，不由自主地向伦敦金融城聚集。
"They gravitate towards the City of London, transforming it into a spectral no-go zone."
鬼魅般的；幽灵似的；在此语境中指被iGhetti占据的伦敦金融城变得像鬼域一样空寂、诡异。
"They gravitate towards the City of London, transforming it into a spectral no-go zone."
（尤指枪炮发射后的）反冲，后坐力。此处为动词，指火炮开火后因后坐力而向后弹回。
"The artillery would fire and recoil, fire and recoil."
极其愚蠢的；无意义的；空洞的。
"He came to feel that mainstream science fiction wasn’t just inane: in its indifference to ordinary experience it was reprehensible."
总在变革/造反的人；一个不断试图进行根本性改变的人
"History of a Revoluter: The Life of James Leslie Mitchell/Lewis Grassic Gibbon by William K. Malcolm."
改变宗教信仰（或政治观点、生活习惯）的人，此处特指皈依天主教的人
"Converts: From Oscar Wilde to Muriel Spark, Why So Many Became Catholic in the 20th Century by Melanie McDonagh."
(大量地) 囤积，藏匿 (权力/财富)
"Gerontocracy in America: How the Old Are Hoarding Power and Wealth, and What to Do about It by Samuel Moyn."
老人统治；由老年人组成的统治集团
"Gerontocracy in America: How the Old Are Hoarding Power and Wealth, and What to Do about It by Samuel Moyn."
(尤指士兵或海员的) 叛乱，哗变
"The Sea Captain's Wife: A True Story of Mutiny, Love and Adventure at the Bottom of the World by Tilar J. Mazzeo."
神学。在此文中，它被用作隐喻。作者将中国的超人类主义称为一种‘工业神学’。意指它像一种宗教一样，提供了一套关于未来的、不可质疑的宏大叙事和目标，并拥有自己的一套信条和信仰者。
"In China, transhumanism is a post-socialist industrial theology: the dream of a perfected collective body."
将（某物）归因于或归功于（某人/某物）。在此语境中，指传统上被归属于‘神圣知识’范畴的事物（如蛋白质图谱、睡眠科学）。
"We are rapidly coming to understand information about human bodies that touches upon our creation and would traditionally have been ascribed to a realm of divine knowledge — maps of human proteins, the science of sleep."
这是一个生动的比喻（metaphor），将大脑描绘成一个‘在血液汤中咕噜作响’的器官，其神经通路如同运河系统。它强调了大脑的物质性、身体性和脆弱性，它依赖于血液（‘broth’）才能运作。
"The thoughts I have had about China in the intervening years are complex, but whatever their flavor, they emerged from neurons firing within an organ repaired by the Chinese government’s finest surgeons, gurgling in the broth of blood pumping around canals and neural pathways."
正处于…的关键转折点；即将进入（一个新状态或新阶段）。‘Cusp’指两个弧形相交的点，如月牙的尖角。比喻指两个时期或状态之间的临界点。
"And yet, I believe that we are on the cusp of major advances in AI, and that by the time my toddler-age sons are in elementary school, whatever is going to happen will have happened."
轻微的震动或颤抖。此处比喻政治上不稳定的迹象或前兆，暗中涌动的动荡。
"And, as a consequence, a certain political tremor. Systems based on elevating the median man, like the American democratic order, are in big trouble."
‘之前’的状态或性质。这是一个作者创造的词（neologism），意指一种拟造的、先于数字技术泛滥之前的、纯真或原始的‘过去’状态。
"Many want their children to grow in an artificial condition of beforeness."
形而上学的；关于存在、现实、宇宙的根本本质的。在此文语境中，特指一种关于灵魂、意识是否存在于身体之外，以及生命本质的抽象焦虑。
"But China’s biotech boom is not driven by Silicon Valley’s libertarian fantasies or metaphysical anxieties."
名词。表示重要且必须完成的事情；一种职责、义务或紧迫的必要性。在此指人类的‘繁衍’这一曾被视为天然职责或命令的必要性。
"Why, at a moment when emergent AI appears poised to open pathways toward personal and collective immortality, did the developed world — and specifically, the typically secular, highly urbanized places that are furthest ahead in advanced technologies — lose its imperative to reproduce?"
动物性；兽性。指人类与动物共有的、非理性的、本能的、肉体的那一面。在此文中，它被用于描述当‘个体’的哲学概念解体后，人类将退回到一种更原始的、生物性的存在状态。
"The human reverts to something older, more biological — to animality."
被注入、充满或渗透了（某种品质、感情或特质）。这里指‘被注入了年轻人的活力’。
"Like me, the bloodthirsty boys I knew in my late adolescence in Beijing have become anxious men who want to prolong the lives they had once seemed poised to squander, who want to do anything to make sure they’re young or at least imbued with the vitality of the young for as long as possible."
与…秘密结盟或合作，通常带有阴谋意味。意指美国政府与大型科技公司勾结在一起，共同对付民众。
"My suspicion is Americans feel that their government doesn’t have their interests or safety at heart, that it is actually in league with Big Tech."
充满活力的；热情洋溢的；兴高采烈的。它形容一种无法抑制的、蓬勃的生命力。
"We know silence and screens await them in the future, so every ray of sunshine before then is critical."
处于一种随时准备浪费或挥霍（自己的生命、机会等）的状态。这里指这些男孩曾看起来必然会、或正准备肆意挥霍他们的生命。
"Like me, the bloodthirsty boys I knew in my late adolescence in Beijing have become anxious men who want to prolong the lives they had once seemed poised to squander, who want to do anything to make sure they’re young or at least imbued with the vitality of the young for as long as possible."
分布式有机体。这是一个比喻，指一个像生物体一样运作的整体，但其功能和意识并非集中在一个中心，而是分散在多个个体或节点之中。在此用于描述中国社会。
"There is no explicit social contract in China, but the nation feels like a distributed organism: metabolizing energy and attention; reproducing itself through language, norms and children; shedding some cells, absorbing others; mutating under pressure."
一个连续统一体，一个不间断的连续序列，其中的各个部分之间只有细微的差别，没有明显的断裂。在此语境中指“历史进程的连续体”。
"Might the arrival of a radical break in the historical continuum — artificial intelligence — accelerate the collapse of procreation?"
轻率、兴奋且自我陶醉的讨论。‘Giddy’指一种因兴奋而感到晕眩、不理智的状态。‘Euphoric’指一种极度的、不切实际的幸福感。两者结合，描绘了一种在破败环境中对AI的狂热追捧。
"I wasn’t bothered by the guy I saw smoking meth on the street or the homeless people pushing around shopping carts, but the giddy, euphoric discourse of AI in a fairly run-down place had the vibe of a civilization trying to outrun decay."
Young Urban Professionals（年轻都市专业人士）的首字母缩略词。指一群收入高、工作上进、消费追求高品质和品牌化的都市白领。此处带有一丝自嘲和群体归属感的意味。
"So we go to the sauna and moisturize, we eat our slop and do our bloodwork, we yuppies gathering on the edge of a great transformation to human society."
发自内心地；直觉地；在身体深处感知到地。与‘flesh and blood’（血肉之躯）相关，指一种不经过理智思考，直接源于生理本能的、强烈且深刻的感觉。
"I could viscerally sense a society burning the candle at both ends."
字面意思是‘嗜血的’；在此上下文中，用于形容作者青春期认识的男孩，带有一种强烈的批判和讽刺意味，意指他们当时凶猛、好斗、充满破坏性的生命力或不加约束的野性。
"Like me, the bloodthirsty boys I knew in my late adolescence in Beijing have become anxious men who want to prolong the lives they had once seemed poised to squander, who want to do anything to make sure they’re young or at least imbued with the vitality of the young for as long as possible."
事后的想法；事后才想起的事物。在此语境中，意指婚姻和抚养孩子在这些人的生活中不再是重心或首要计划，而是被排在次要位置，甚至是被完全忽略的‘事后的想法’。
"In other high-tech places like South Korea, which has the world’s lowest birthrate at around five per 1,000 people, many individuals live in digital solitude, and marriage and child-rearing are often an afterthought or rejected altogether."
生育后代，繁衍后代的过程。它是一个比‘having children’或‘reproduction’更正式、更侧重于‘创造新生命’这一行为本身的词汇。
"Might the arrival of a radical break in the historical continuum — artificial intelligence — accelerate the collapse of procreation?"