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掩饰，使人产生误解（与真实情况不符，尤其是外表看似某种状态实际相反）
"Michigan Carbon's 'Homestead Guano,' for example, was famous on farms to the south and east; belying the name, it wasn't bird excrement but ground-up bison bones."
最典型的，精华的，典范的（体现某类事物最纯粹的本质）
"The John Wayne character in the quintessential movie of settler-colonialism, The Searchers (1956), makes the connection outright."
中转站，集散点（货物或人员聚集并准备进入下一步处置的地方）
"Regina, the capital of Saskatchewan, was known as Pile-of-Bones because it was a staging point for bison bone."
烹饪美食，珍馐（指味道特别精致或稀有的食物）
"The animals were killed for their hides and their tongues, a culinary delicacy, but also as part of the campaign to ethnically cleanse Native Americans from the land."
抹除，消除（系统性地删除记忆、历史、身份的痕迹）
"Settler colonialism is characterized in part by the erasure of the history of those removed and replaced, so American myth tells of bootstrapping settlers exploiting the bones."
定居殖民主义（殖民者永久定居，系统性地取代原住民的社会与政治结构）
"The John Wayne character in the quintessential movie of settler-colonialism, The Searchers (1956), makes the connection outright."
自力更生的定居者（白手起家、靠自身力量成功的殖民者，常带浪漫化的隐喻色彩）
"Settler colonialism is characterized in part by the erasure of the history of those removed and replaced, so American myth tells of bootstrapping settlers exploiting the bones."
前所未有，史无前例（指规模或程度巨大，没有先例）
"The mass slaughter of the American bison during the 1870s and 1880s was unprecedented."
主矿脉，宝藏（原指矿藏中最丰富的矿脉，引申指任何巨大的财富来源）
"The work was hard, and a gamble: 'one might hit the motherlode and accumulate considerable weight in a matter of hours, but more often it took days and long distances to fill a wagon or cart.'"
机会主义者（利用时机获取自身利益的人，不论道德约束）
"Bone hunters were part of a laboring class as much as they were opportunistic individuals looking to make an extra dollar."
自我吞噬的，自灭的（指一种产业因其自身运作而消耗殆尽其赖以存在的资源）
"The bone boom lasted less than two decades, and, being self-devouring, left little trace on the landscape."
大量毁灭，大幅度减少（原意为每十人杀一人，现引申为毁灭性打击）
"The shaggy bovines of the plains and boreal forests were nearly hunted to extinction in a frenzy of killing that decimated their population."
（在阳光下）变白，漂白（此处指动物骨骼在长时间暴晒后呈现白色）
"The carcasses of the great animals, picked clean by scavengers and left to bleach in the prairie sun, proved immensely important as sources of labor, capital, survival, and imagination in the North American West."
原始文献，一手资料（历史研究中的原始记录，包括日记、信件、当时的报纸等）
"But, as Pallister notes, 'when one examines primary literature, it is apparent that Native Americans undoubtedly dominated the workforce, carving out their own place in the prairie industry but often doing so for similar reasons as most white settlers: survival.'"
臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的（因负面原因而闻名）
"An infamous image of a mountain of bison skulls tells the story in the small print of the caption."
生物灭绝（针对特定生物群体的毁灭行为，此处指对野牛的系统性屠杀）
"Bison slaughter was a form of biocide in service of genocide, although neither ultimately achieved its aims."
雇佣劳动，工资劳动（以固定工资换取劳动，而不拥有生产资料）
"Barred from jobs outside wage labor, Native Americans sometimes 'exercised considerable power over the price per ton of bones because of the dependency of middlemen on their labors.'"
种族灭绝（系统性地消灭整个民族或族群）
"Bison slaughter was a form of biocide in service of genocide, although neither ultimately achieved its aims."
细致搜索，仔细搜寻（指为了寻找某物而彻底、系统性地检查一个区域）
"The carcasses of the great animals, picked clean by scavengers and left to bleach in the prairie sun, proved immensely important as sources of labor, capital, survival, and imagination in the North American West."
中间商，中介（在生产者与消费者之间担任桥梁的人）
"Barred from jobs outside wage labor, Native Americans sometimes 'exercised considerable power over the price per ton of bones because of the dependency of middlemen on their labors.'"
开采业，采掘业（从自然界获取资源的产业，如采矿、采油、伐木）
"They fueled a brief but intensive extractive industry that lasted as long as the raw material."
在此语境中，指一个环境或场所，特定事物（此指焦虑）在其中得以滋生、发展和被培育。
"Childhood itself has become an incubator for anxiety."
涉及或代表两个对立政党（尤其在美国指民主党和共和党）的；两党的。
"It’s hard to come across a bipartisan issue in America these days, which is why I was surprised to see near-uniform support, across ages and political leanings, for kicking teenagers aged 15 and under off social media:"
（尤指为牟利而）利用他人的；掠夺性的；剥削性的。
"Another point of agreement between Haidt and Odgers is that they both think algorithmic feeds are designed to be predatory, and that the companies should be forced to build them differently."
（曾计划或期望的事物）实现、成为现实。
"I’m not sure a ban will materialize stateside, but I wouldn’t bet against it either."
正式地裁决或判决（一桩争论或案件）。
"Adjudicating between Haidt and Odgers would take an article of its own."
在此用作比喻义，指对某事物（此指Haidt的议程）的一种【具有决定性意义的公论、评判或检验】。
"So however these bans fare, regardless of how thoughtfully—or not—they are implemented, they will get read, culturally, as a referendum on Haidt’s agenda."
表面上；看似（但事实可能并非如此）。
"But set the causation fight aside, and you realize that for a discussion ostensibly about teens, both Haidt and Odgers actually spend a good deal of their time talking about adults."
表达赞扬或高度赞美的；颂扬性的。
"Haidt recently shared a stage at Davos with a laudatory Macron a week before France’s bill passed the lower house."
（政党、团体或个人为表明其目的、观点或目标而发表的）宣言。
"In the popular consciousness, The Anxious Generation is an anti-screen manifesto."
在此作比喻义，指（童年时期在游乐场和街道等现实环境中的一种非正式）学习阶段或训练过程，人们从中获得经验、韧性和生存技能。
"The book’s argument is that adults made two mistakes at once. They passed out phones like Halloween candy, and they stripped childhood of the playground-and-street apprenticeship that used to build resilience."
在此语境下，指一件被过度夸大、充满戏剧化和情感宣泄的事件，暗示其程度与实际情况不相称。
"...why, if you think about it, it seems a little bit of a melodrama to suggest that if you sit in a classroom with someone of a different race..."
（在此语境下）有害的，恶性的，会产生负面影响的。通常用来描述力量或影响。
"...this kind of emotion, this kind of reaction, can be a real factor there, and sometimes it can be noxious enough that we want to avoid the setting altogether..."
警觉，警惕。在此指面对潜在的偏见威胁时，处于一种高度戒备、时刻观察和解读环境信号的状态。
"So this is an important setting, and they go into it with some tension. They go into it with this kind of vigilance."
在此语境下是比喻用法，意为“详尽地批评、拆解、挑错”，使一个观点或作品显得一无是处。比 'criticize' 更具破坏性和彻底性。
"Are you also looking for someone to pull apart, to say, you think this is a good argument? Let me show you what's wrong with it."
晦涩难懂的；意义不明确的，如同德尔斐神谕一般。
"It can seem a little Delphic, a little abstract, but down on the ground in everyday life..."
在此上下文中，指在多元化环境中，因担心被偏见或刻板印象对待而产生的一种持续的、令人不安的紧张与焦虑感。
"That reaction, that psychological tension, is what I mean by churn."
在此为比喻用法，意为“仔细剖析、层层解析”（一个概念或论点），如同将鱼片从骨架上剔下来。
"That's a really interesting concept, and I want to kind of fillet it a little bit."
（指措辞、评论或行为）不恰当的，不合时宜的，笨拙的。比 'unfortunate' 或 'inappropriate' 更文雅、更书面化。
"...even though I'm very well-meaning, I'm not trying to be mean or controversial—if somehow I put myself in an infelicitous way..."
驾驭、利用（尤指自然力或新技术以产生效用）
"...frameworks so that societies can harness AI safely and share its benefits widely."
指数级的、飞速增长的
"In his June 2026 essay “Policy on the AI Exponential,” Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei warned that AI capabilities are climbing at an exponential rate while our policy and social institutions move at their accustomed pace, a mismatch he likens to seeking military aid from trees."
暴露、揭露、使...暴露无遗
"The episode laid bare a widening gap: The raw capability of these systems now advances at a pace far faster than the institutions built to govern, absorb or even understand them."
把...比作...
"... a mismatch he likens to seeking military aid from trees."
只执行不验证；指行动或决策过程缺少核实、审计和问责的环节
"We are headed toward a world of productivity without prosperity, execution without verification and capacity without constraint."
繁荣、兴旺（尤指经济与物质财富的丰裕状态）
"We are headed toward a world of productivity without prosperity, execution without verification and capacity without constraint."
约束、限制、制约因素
"We are headed toward a world of productivity without prosperity, execution without verification and capacity without constraint."
递归式自我改进；（AI）通过改进自身能力来进一步加速改进的过程，形成智能爆炸
"...released internal data on models that have begun to help build their own successors, giving fresh weight to long-running speculation about recursive self-improvement."
显现、显露；表露无遗（文中作动词）
"The imbalance manifests in the flow of capital."
反向对齐作者创造的核心概念，指主动改造社会制度和人类基础设施，使其能安全、有效地吸纳和使用AI系统，是“对齐”问题的另一半。
"We call that neglected other side “reverse alignment”: the ambitious creation and redesign of institutions, norms, skills and governance frameworks so that societies can harness AI safely and share its benefits widely."
（比喻）掩盖物；伪装；外衣
"Herschel agreed, saying that images could be a good hook, but that pleasure “should not be a mere ‘cloak for the instruction intended to be conveyed.’”"