Vocabulary

彻底理解、看透（复杂事物）

"Today, such foresight remains almost hard to fathom."

被粉碎成粉末或极细颗粒；特指骨骼被碾磨成类似粉末状残骸

"Many of the bones unearthed there had been pulverized into pellets similar to those owls leave behind, which hinted at a larger predator."

猛禽反刍后吐出的未消化骨质和毛发团块；在此语境中指化石化的类似结构

"Many of the bones unearthed there had been pulverized into pellets similar to those owls leave behind, which hinted at a larger predator."

物体在亮背景衬托下呈现的深色轮廓；在此语境中特指恐龙飞行时的侧影

"Judging by the pellets it left behind, that impressive four-winged silhouette was likely the last thing many of the birds living in the area ever saw."

带来巨大痛苦或灾难的人或事物；在此语境中指一种令其他生物恐惧的捕食者

"In fact, its relatively larger size and ability to glide made it the scourge of the skies (or treetops) 120 million years ago."

（流体力学）阻力危机（即阻力系数在特定速度区间内发生突变的现象）

"This sudden transition—called the drag crisis—occurs at higher speeds for smoother balls, but with added texture like seams and grooves, the transition can be avoided until a ball reaches lower speeds."

微妙的差异；细腻之处；细节上的精妙变化（此处指足球飞行特性的微妙之处）

"Fortunately, players in the upcoming World Cup should already be familiar with these added nuances, as they’ve had access to the new ball for at least a few months."

总体上；大致说来；总地来看

"There were some structural differences too, such as upgraded foam cores and improved water resistance. But by and large, the balls used the same design of 32 pentagonal panels stitched together."

（阻力等）突然且阶梯式地急剧增大

"Even though its drag coefficient was relatively low at high speeds, once the ball slowed to a certain point the coefficient would ratchet up, causing it to lose speed quite fast and behave as the 2010 players complained."

（指足球的轨迹）出人意料地、狡猾地、令人难以招架地（带有负面意涵）

"The Jabulani faced much criticism from players—particularly goalkeepers, who said it had a deceptive trajectory that 'dipped wickedly,' as one player told the Guardian."

（需要权衡的）取舍；利弊平衡

"There’s a trade-off to this roughness, though. While Goff and his colleagues found that the Trionda ball experiences the drag crisis at the slowest speed since 2010, its drag coefficient is also higher than that of the other balls at high speeds."

矛盾心理的、模棱两可的。指对同一个人或事物同时拥有积极和消极两种相反的情感或态度。

"...Collapse, an ambivalent portrait of his late, estranged brother, translated by Tash Aw."

狂喜、出神、忘我的极度快乐状态。

"When his lips came into contact with his first glass of whiskey or his first beer of the day, it was an expression of ecstasy that formed on his face..."

神的显现，一种超自然、神圣的神灵或上帝（或天使）的突然出现。

"...as if he had suddenly been placed in front of a divine apparition, or as though a liberation, for which he’d been waiting months, had finally occurred."

不稳定的、反复无常的、难以预测的。形容某人的行为或性格变化不定，没有固定模式。

"Here, an extract from a series of work messages from an ebullient but erratic expert in “perfectoid spaces”:"

“笔耕不辍地创作结构紧凑、充满暴力的沉思录”。严格来说，这不是一个词，而是一个极具文学性的短语。tight 指结构严谨、语言精炼；violent 指内容上的暴力性；meditations 指对主题的深度、沉思性的探索。

"The French writer Édouard Louis, who spent more than a decade penning tight, violent meditations on family, returns with two slim memoirs..."

不成比例地、过大（或过小）地。形容事物的数量、程度或影响超出了合理的、通常的比例范围。

"Perhaps one of the reasons for my brother’s unhappiness was that he was disproportionately attached to the ideal of happiness, and his life couldn’t give him what he wanted."

在这个语境下指仔细、彻底地搜寻或检查（一大批东西），就像用梳子梳理头发一样细致。

"Each month, we comb through dozens of soon-to-be-published books, for ideas and good writing for the Review’s site."

在此指长条校样，即在书籍最终印刷前，用于校对和审阅的、尚未分页的早期版本。

"Often we’re struck by particular paragraphs or sentences from the galleys that stack up on our desks and spill over onto our shelves."

热情洋溢的、兴高采烈的，通常指一种无法抑制的、近乎沸腾的喜悦和活力。

"Here, an extract from a series of work messages from an ebullient but erratic expert in “perfectoid spaces”:"

启动；着手进行；使（一系列事件）开始发生

"After one of them disappeared, though, another of them checked in—and set in motion a chain of events that brought them closer together than any of them might have thought possible."

关系紧密的；团结的；亲密的（指群体内部成员之间有强烈、亲密的社会联系）

"John Leland has long specialized in telling the stories of everyday New Yorkers, and once again manages to make a city of eight million feel as tight-knit as a small town."

诅咒；对...施以咒语（迷信中，期望厄运降临到某人身上）

"She put a curse on him, Paul said."

仔细的审视；严密的检查；细致入微的观察

"‘Our culture has become obsessed with “blue zones,” where people purportedly live longer. But does the underlying research stand up to scrutiny?’"

低声吟唱；轻柔深情地哼唱（常带有安抚或渴望的意味）

"“Better to imagine some subterranean Gollum crooning over my memories than to accept them being lost completely.”"

有效；在实施中（尤指法律、规则或超自然力量仍然发挥作用）

"Though the woman died almost 20 years ago, Paul said, the curse remains in effect."

二联性精神病（一种罕见的精神障碍，两个人共同分享一个妄念，并相互加强）

"Then came the unexpected diagnosis: folie à deux."

（尤指认真的、持续的）努力；尝试；事业

"“And that’s what prompted her to do what she’s done to me in this lifetime, preventing me from succeeding at anything, not only chess, but any endeavor.”"

在...方面；就...而言（通常用于否定或疑问结构，指提及的某物数量或种类有限）

"They didn’t share much in the way of circumstances, just a love of the game."

灵媒；通灵者（声称能与死者灵魂沟通的人）

"“I was told by a spirit medium that in a previous lifetime I had known her, and we had had a friendship, and she wanted to make it a lot more serious than I did, such as marriage,”"

促使；导致；激起（某人做某事）

"“And that’s what prompted her to do what she’s done to me in this lifetime, preventing me from succeeding at anything, not only chess, but any endeavor.”"

地下的；存在于地表之下的（常引申为秘密的、隐蔽的、潜伏的）

"“Better to imagine some subterranean Gollum crooning over my memories than to accept them being lost completely.”"

权衡，取舍

"“Security and utility always have a trade-off,” says Bo Li, a professor of computer science at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign."

红队演练；通过模拟攻击来测试系统安全性的过程

"And the experts consulted for this article all agree that agents should undergo rigorous red-teaming, a process in which developers try their best to attack a system in order to discover its vulnerabilities before it is deployed."

（形容词）平淡无奇的，不会冒犯任何人的，无害的（尤指为了不引起争议而刻意显得中立）

"They publish papers and blog posts detailing exploits such as indirect prompt injection, which involves hijacking agents using commands hidden in websites, emails, or other seemingly anodyne data sources."

被疏忽，被遗漏（尤指在被检查或保护的过程中未被发现）

"Meta has not commented publicly on how this vulnerability slipped through the cracks."

抵消力量，抗衡因素

"But there are also countervailing forces."

（喻）防护栏；安全准则，保护性限制措施

"“It raises questions like: Were there even guardrails in place?” she says."

（强调其过分或不合理以至于）令人无法接受的，极不合理的，过度的

"In the fast-moving world of AI, the time needed to carefully secure risky agentic systems might seem like an unconscionable delay."

彻底摧毁，夷为平地

"That’s not quite what this Instagram hack was: There, AI was the target rather than the attacker, and the method was far simpler than anything Mythos would cook up."

（为了减轻自己的负担而）将（工作、责任）转移给（他人或系统）

"But as companies offload more work to AI, these comparatively unsophisticated attacks could wreak their own havoc."

造成其自身的（大规模）破坏或混乱

"But as companies offload more work to AI, these comparatively unsophisticated attacks could wreak their own havoc."

韧性；从困难、干扰或不利变化中迅速恢复的能力

"Normally, entanglement is very fragile. This approach has some amazing resilience."

脆弱的；容易损坏或崩溃的

"Normally, entanglement is very fragile. This approach has some amazing resilience."

受限的；使范围、数量或可能性变小

"Because the atoms are effectively indistinguishable, the range of quantum states that can be produced is restricted."

稳定；使系统进入一个不随时间变化的状态（通常是在某种动力学过程之后）

""You turn these lasers on and wait, and at some point the system stabilizes into an interesting, highly entangled quantum state," said Anjun Chu..."

集合体；一组被视为一个整体的粒子或系统

"The researchers demonstrated that a version of their proposed system containing two groups of atoms could be used to measure field gradients. When the two atomic ensembles are placed in different locations..."

无法区分的；在特定上下文中，由于属性完全相同而无法被辨别为独立个体

"Because the atoms are effectively indistinguishable, the range of quantum states that can be produced is restricted."

超精确的；达到极高精度的

"A simple tweak to a common quantum system could unlock powerful new quantum states for ultra-precise sensing and future quantum technologies."

量子纠缠；一种量子力学现象，其中粒子以经典物理学无法解释的方式相互连接，对其中一个粒子的测量会瞬时影响另一个

"Many of the most promising quantum technologies, including advanced sensors and future quantum computers, depend on a phenomenon known as entanglement, where particles become deeply connected and influence one another in ways that cannot be explained by classical physics."