Vocabulary

符号学家（研究符号及其意义生成过程的学者）

"All physicians are medical semioticians, professional and trained readers of bodily signs."

皮纹学（对手指与手掌纹路的科学分类及遗传学研究）

"This was a tradition of medical and genetic hand-reading that came to be called 'dermatoglyphics'."

典范，典型（体现某一类事物特征的标准样本）

"In this context, it was the fortune of the so-called simian line to become the perfect exemplar of a classic modern biomedical pair, the visible 'phenotype' and its hidden twin, the 'genotype'."

看手相术（通过观察手掌纹路预测性格与命运的伪科学实践）

"Could there be such a thing as medical palmistry?"

神秘的，隐微的（指隐藏、或超出常识解释范围的知识，本文兼涉'不可见医学体征'义）

"In fact, physicians still use the word in that plain way: 'occult pain', for example, is of unknown or unseen origin."

难以理解的，谜一般的（指情感或符号无法被解读）

"The emotive power was unmistakeable, yet for all my training as a historian, it was inscrutable to me."

猿猴的（在'猿线'语境中指与灵长类动物共享的解剖特征）；作名词指猿猴

"Wolff was looking for the so-called 'simian line', a particular crease that some humans share with other primate species."

表现型（生物体可观察的物理特征总和，相对于基因型/遗传组成）

"The former is an observable physical trait; the latter is that trait’s unique DNA code or sequence."

美学鉴赏力上的复杂老练（指对艺术形式的精微辨别力和高层次欣赏品味）

"A particular influence in this era was the Bloomsbury Group, intellectuals and artists who based their self-conscious elitism on philosophical and aesthetic sophistication."

道德合法性（指对自身权力或财富是否合乎道义的被接受程度）

"As elites have pulled away economically from other social groups, there is evidence that they have become increasingly insecure about their moral legitimacy."

自我呈现（一种社会行为理论术语，指通过言行塑造他人对自身形象的认知）

"Leisure activities also became a much bigger part of elites’ public self-presentation in this period—the percentage of entrants reporting on their recreations grew from about 40 percent of those who turned 20 in 1900 to 80 percent in 1950."

势利眼；自视高人一等并轻视他者的态度

"Often, entrants include these alongside aristocratic and highbrow interests in a way that could reduce the appearance of snobbishness."

达到成熟期；进入鼎盛时期

"Among the British elites who came of age in the second half of the nineteenth century, less than half listed any recreations at all."

绅士阶级（英国历史上介于贵族与平民之间的地主阶层，往往无世袭爵位）

"Even members of the gentry shifted how they enjoyed themselves."

阳春白雪的；文化素养高且显得高高在上的

"In the postwar era, highbrow interests remained popular, but entrants increasingly also listed elements of mass culture."

（正式语境下指）娱乐活动、消遣方式

"Friedman and Reeves looked at the guide’s open-response section for “recreations.”"

让与；放弃（权利或优先权）。

"OpenAI cedes priority for the 3D Euler result to Buckmaster and Alpöge"

骇人的；极其糟糕的（本文指证明的呈现方式令人震惊地难看）。

"I can say the first LLM generated proof Levent sent me was the most horrendous I have ever read"

推定；假定（某事物为真，作为论证基础）。

"Earlier results, like the 2013 cylinder one, posit the existence of some boundary."

无懈可击的；严密的（指数学证明无漏洞）。

"rely on the programming language Lean to establish, with airtight certainty, that a statement must be true."

（贬义）垃圾作品；胡乱拼凑的内容（本文 'AI slop' 指为求速度而生成的粗制滥造论文）。

"one of the three papers he and Alpöge were releasing “can only be described as AI slop."

悲叹；对（不愉快之事）表示痛惜。

"Buckmaster lamented that one of the three papers he and Alpöge were releasing “can only be described as AI slop."

奇点；在数学和物理语境中，指方程的解在有限时间内趋于无穷大或失去平滑性的点。

"had found a “singularity” in the Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions"

尖刻的；充满敌意或怨恨的（尤指言语或争论）。

"For much of the summer, that competition has seemed, if not friendly, at least not openly acrimonious."

模糊不清的；暧昧的（本文指细节不明，带可疑色彩）。

"the details of the interaction between Buckmaster, Alpöge, and OpenAI remain murky"

笨拙的；不雅观的（指数学函数形状怪异、不简洁）。

"They’ve sometimes tried to introduce awkward, ungainly forcing functions to get fluids to behave in odd ways."

全能的，无所不能的

"If we were an omnipotent creature from outer space, you and I could quickly decide on the role of leaders by manipulative experiments."

反事实的（指与事实相反的假设）

"For us, we might think about it as a kind of counterfactual."

操纵的，控制的

"If we were an omnipotent creature from outer space, you and I could quickly decide on the role of leaders by manipulative experiments."

极端的，猛烈的

"Or if you want to do something less drastic, instead of seeing what happens when a leader dies, you can get a leader very upset, slightly upset, or not much upset."

假定，假设（作为前提）

"So how should we think about this, presuming somebody does make a big difference and somebody does make much less of a difference?"

统计上显著的

"They don’t go down, and may even increase, although it’s not statistically significant, if the mother-in-law dies."

显著的，突出的（指领导者）

"How should we think about salient leaders, ones that have led a country, a sports team, or a company to great success?"

缩短、精简（文本等）

"This transcript has been condensed and lightly edited for clarity."

巨大性，重大程度，规模

"What is the magnitude of these kinds of results?"

（坏事）纯粹的，完全的，糟糕透顶的

"The Iran war has so far been an unmitigated disaster that I think is going to harm America’s geopolitical standing and is already harming its economy."

凸显了一个众所周知的尴尬事实（‘房间里的大象’指人们回避的显著问题）

"“What has made [the car] well-known and popular, what has made it the top-selling and much sought-after German car is not its history of origins, but the harmony of its technical and economical features,” went a 1952 VW print advertisement quoted by Scholz, who italicized the elephant in the room."

趋之若鹜的，广受追捧的

"“What has made [the car] well-known and popular, what has made it the top-selling and much sought-after German car is not its history of origins, but the harmony of its technical and economical features,” went a 1952 VW print advertisement quoted by Scholz."

公开的秘密：所有相关人员都心知肚明却无人公开言说的事实

"The Beetle’s origins were always what Scholz calls a “public secret.”"

起源，诞生过程（强调创生时刻的因果链条）

"But such transformations are only “miracles,” Scholz argues, when their genesis is invisible."

暗示，间接提到（不直接言明），暗指

"That public secret was also alluded to in an “Auschwitz joke” Scholz heard in 1980s West Germany, when she was around ten years old."

积极支持者，大力推广者（尤其指为实现某个目标而积极活动的人）

"Hitler, the car’s biggest booster, unsurprisingly got one of the very few produced."

（计划、承诺）成为现实，兑现

"For everyone else, the promised car never materialized."

分期付款（每次支付的款项）

"An installment plan meant people could invest 5 RM at a time, receiving special stamps to show their payments."

功利主义的；此处指刻意以实用功能而非美学为命名原则的

"KdF-Wagens were supposed to be produced in a new, purpose-built factory town given the utilitarian name Stadt des KdF-Wagens."