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先驱；开拓者
"He challenged caste and class hierarchies by choosing to be a painter and became the first Indian artist to paint Indian subjects in a Western style. He is widely regarded as a pioneer of modern Indian painting..."
（此处指）美化；颂扬；使……显得辉煌庄严
"Yet it was his “theatrical interpretations of Sanskrit epic and drama” that glorified scenes from Hindu mythology and made him a household name."
（政治或社会上的）动荡；骚动
"Both the Chitrashala Press and the Ravi Varma Press (which started in 1894) found themselves at the nexus of a political ferment in western and northern India."
明暗对照法（绘画中通过光影的强烈对比产生立体感和戏剧性效果）
"Varma’s popularity grew at the height of the British Empire in India, as Western-style oil painting, with its emphasis on depth and chiaroscuro, gained prominence in the country."
支持；支撑。比喻通过论证或行动来支持某物，加强其逻辑。
"It buttresses Manchester's acceptance of developers throwing up tower after residential tower in the city centre without any affordable housing."
（美）/ˈfiːtɪd/（英）。发臭的、恶臭的。这里指发出令人不悦甚至令人作呕的气味。
"旧Palatinate住的房子没有潮湿的砖墙或湿透的稻草，但在1901年，‘新鲜油漆’背后是‘黑暗的楼梯间和阴森的井道，穿过监狱般的大门进入后院，灰烬和家庭垃圾散发出最恶劣的恶臭，随意地散落在各处’。"
记录；编年。按时间顺序详细记录事件。
"The 35 Per Cent Campaign, which chronicles the erosion of Southwark's public housing, reckons that £434 million in public funds has already been spent remaking the Aylesbury – more than twice the projected renovation cost."
破旧的；失修的。形容长久无人照料致残破。
"Here, on Rye Lane, on the site of a run-down shopping centre, the developer Berkeley Homes wants to build a dense cluster of blocks containing 867 homes, almost all for private sale or market rent."
逃避；推卸。（通常指本应履行的责任）
"On the face of it, the council, the many local people who object to the scheme and the inspector are standing up to a developer trying to shirk its obligations."
狭隘的；思路受局限的。（比喻义）
"The abundance notion, the idea that a diabolical alliance of blinkered regulators and local nimbys is artificially holding back a flood of private housing..."
恶魔般的；极其邪恶的。此处形容一个阴谋联盟，带有极强贬义的夸张成分。
"The abundance notion, the idea that a diabolical alliance of blinkered regulators and local nimbys is artificially holding back a flood of private housing (a view much supported by private housebuilders), has long been prevalent in British political discourse, if not by that name."
充满争议的；激烈竞争的。此处描绘特征对立、社会利益冲突的区域。
"In the middle, between the expensive riverside flats and restaurants of Bermondsey and Dulwich's private schools and detached houses, lie contested zones of low wages and high incomes, prosperity and precarity, gentrification and decay: Peckham, Camberwell, Elephant and Castle, the Old Kent Road."
不稳定性； precarious 的状态。指不安全和不确定的状态。
"In the middle, between the expensive riverside flats and restaurants of Bermondsey and Dulwich's private schools and detached houses, lie contested zones of low wages and high incomes, prosperity and precarity, gentrification and decay: Peckham, Camberwell, Elephant and Castle, the Old Kent Road."
绿树成荫的；多树木的。描绘具有田园气息和繁茂植被的区域。
"It narrows to a point in the leafy expanses of Dulwich."
彻底摧毁；抹去。不留痕迹地完全消除。
"To make way for it, the Heygate Estate, built in the 1970s, was obliterated, destroying more than twelve hundred council homes."
倒置的；反向的。此处指形状呈倒置的三角形。
"On the map, Southwark forms an inverted triangle, with the base stretching along the south bank of the Thames..."
不确定状态；被遗忘的状态。处于等待或遗忘的中间地带。
"Earlier this year, with the project nowhere near complete, the council and NHG parted ways, leaving the remaining residents in limbo."
宗教虔诚的；用于礼拜的。此处指与宗教信仰和祈祷有关的（图像）。
"The flat is full of devotional imagery."
令人窒息的；闷热的。形容炎热天气使人难以呼吸。
"It was a stifling day during one of the heatwaves that have smothered the city this summer."
覆盖；笼罩；使窒息。此处比喻热浪笼罩整个城市。
"It was a stifling day during one of the heatwaves that have smothered the city this summer."
根据法律；在法律上。此处指法律明文规定的（无家可归）状态。
"She and her children have legal status: they are British citizens, statutorily homeless."
堡垒；捍卫者。此处指一个地区是某阶层或文化的坚固据点。
"It's also the bastion of a multi-ethnic working class and an entry point for migrants looking for sanctuary, opportunity, or both."
庇护所；避难所。此处指为寻求安全而提供的保护之地。
"It's also the bastion of a multi-ethnic working class and an entry point for migrants looking for sanctuary, opportunity, or both."
嘈杂声；喧闹。指人群交谈声混合的嗡嗡声。
"A hubbub of voices, mainly those of women and children, filled the space, speaking many languages."
精神错乱的，疯狂的
"“Who is this deranged boy-man?”"
受…支配的，由…决定的
"“The contents of Still in a Dream are dictated by his ear and his interpretations of what sound does to the mind and body.”"
狂热的，充满激情的
"“...the older Reynolds is occasionally drawn into a one-sided argument with his zealous younger self...”"
分散的，散布的
"“These groups were musically divergent and geographically dispersed, forming only a loose constellation...”"
全面性，详尽性
"“But comprehensiveness matters less here than Reynolds’s own tastes and experience.”"
不吉利的，不善的，前景不佳的
"“His first year as a working writer was inauspicious.”"
玩忽职守，失职
超现实主义的极端状态/体验
"“...the language of dreams – of visions and symbolism, surrender and submission, inner worlds and surreal extremes.”"
（身心）完全放松与被动顺从（这里指音乐体验的沉溺）
"“...the language of dreams – of visions and symbolism, surrender and submission, inner worlds and surreal extremes.”"
力量，影响力，效力
"“Searching for words to describe the potency of Cocteau Twins and My Bloody Valentine...”"
懒散，好逸恶劳
"“The Smiths’ taste for indulgent indolence was denounced as ‘miserabilism’ by the sort of critics who backed Red Wedge...”"
公开谴责，斥责
"“The Smiths’ taste for indulgent indolence was denounced as ‘miserabilism’ by the sort of critics who backed Red Wedge...”"
粗鲁愚蠢的，毫无品位的
"“...without ever writing anything as crass and clumsy as a protest song.”"
明显地，鲜明地（尤其指形成强烈反差）
"“Morrissey’s rebellion against 1980s culture took the form of a wrong-to-work mentality that was starkly at odds with the era’s anti-Thatcher activism.”"
向已信者传道（比喻对已同意的人做无谓的劝说）
"“...; sound ought to activate sensations and emotions, not provide recommended reading.”"
节点，连接点
"“The written word was still a crucial node in the analogue network that connected listeners with music...”"
狂喜，极度兴奋的状态
"“...and the publication of his first book, Blissed Out: The Raptures of Rock, an account of the new sounds of the late 1980s.”"
非常认真的，一本正经的，诚挚的
"“...and overly earnest rock, led by Billy Bragg’s Red Wedge collective and ‘soulcialists’...”"
（比喻）封闭的微型生态圈，与外界隔绝的体系
"“...a self-sustaining terrarium of ‘indie’ culture; a lost world.”"
持不同政见的，敢于对立主流意见的
"“...offered ‘the era’s true dissident statement … without ever writing anything as crass and clumsy as a protest song’.”"
灵魂乐社会主义者（混成词，指白人灵魂乐风格的政治左派音乐人）
"“...and ‘soulcialists’ such as Paul Weller and the Communards.”"
放大，放大作用（比喻）
"“...when the weeklies were ‘a machine of magnification’.”"
渴望而带着伤感的，留恋梦想的
"“Reynolds remembers 1985 simply as the ‘Bad Music Era’, characterised by overly wistful indie pop...”"
去朋克化的，剥离朋克的教条/风格
"“The scene really needed a severe programme of unpunking, if music was ever going to move forward again.”"
在形式（结构/技法）上具有创新性的
"“...but most of the artists are formally inventive in some way.”"
合成器（电子乐器）
"“...guitar bands only, no synthesisers, no industrial music, no heavy metal...”"