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副现象；附带现象（指由真实原因产生，但本身对原因不产生因果作用的现象）
"Sure, as an epiphenomenon of all of that, they came up with justifications—at the beginning, when it was enough to just enslave people who were not Christian, they said this is all about Christians and non-Christians."
转变；变形；使……发生本质性的变化
"Give us a little preview of how those ideas then change and transmute later on."
完全相反的；截然对立的
"Roman law starts from a point almost diametrically opposed to the Aristotelian, which is that there are several sources of law, and the original one is the law of nature."
铭刻；在……上留下不可磨灭的印记
"The two parts are intimately related, and so the inequality that slavery inscribes on human life is inherent within the nature of the persons that make up the human species."
承载着（大量情感、意义或后果的）；充满（通常是负面的、沉重的）
"But it’s a story that reaches back into more obscure tenets of early modern intellectual history and the history of the Atlantic world, of Europe and Africa and Asia as well. It forces us to expand our sense of the history of slavery into fields that are unfamiliar for many Americans living today and even for many American historians and historians of American slavery. It’s a very complex field that I think needs to be treated with the care and seriousness that it deserves."
信条；原则；教义
"But it’s a story that reaches back into more obscure tenets of early modern intellectual history and the history of the Atlantic world, of Europe and Africa and Asia as well."
（美国内）战前的；尤指美国南北战争之前的
"I was born and raised in New Orleans, the center of the antebellum domestic slave trade."
充满……的；弥漫着……的；被……渗透的
"The idea and the institution seem so radically different from each other that it seems impossible for the one to have drawn support from the other—for the institution of American slavery, the origins of American slavery, to have emerged from a world saturated in Roman ideas."
初期的；早期的；刚出现的
"How do they take these ideas developed in the context of ancient Athens, in the context of the ancient Roman Republic and perhaps the early Roman Empire, and apply this to what seems like quite a different situation? When I think about the Romans, a lot of the time we are talking about the Punic Wars and Romans at war with Carthage, for example, and in this military contest they’re able to take some prisoners."
概括；压缩；封装（使精华内容得以保存和呈现）
"To what extent did that law of nations systematize something that really existed? To what extent was that always the Roman imagination? Mounk: How do I put this?... Harpham: Of course, my primary interest as a scholar is in imaginations and conceptions. But I can say that in the early modern world, across vast swaths of the Atlantic world, the law of nations’ understanding of slavery—most often a status assigned as an alternative to death for captives taken in wars—continued as the common practice of most of the nations of the world."
（学术/文学语境中）审视、盘问（观念、假设等）；深入质疑
"SR: Complicating them, interrogating them, and also trying to portray what I loved about Florida—the flora and the fauna, the landscapes, the ocean, the swamps, all of it."
（比喻）像踩水求生一样对待悲伤，即勉强维持、不让悲伤淹没自己
"In “Hurricane Blues” you write: “We treaded grief like water, / missed hurricanes in the off season, / when chaos ebbed enough / for us to see clearly, all the damage.”"
（被媒体或公众）奇观化的景象；引人注目的公共事件
"Sam Risak: Florida is often made into spectacle: the news stories, the memes, the mythology."
劣质的；粗制滥造的；糟糕的
"Being a poet and a writer and an archivist is another failsafe in having a shoddy memory."
（名词）故障保险；一种确保即使出错仍能保证安全的备用方案
"Being a poet and a writer and an archivist is another failsafe in having a shoddy memory."
被遗忘恐惧症；害怕被他人或世界所遗忘
"SR: Your final poem is titled “athazagoraphobia,” meaning the fear of being forgotten."
发自肺腑的；内脏般的；本能的、非理性的强烈感受
"Over time, the ball in the box gets smaller, but each time it hits a wall, it’s still just as powerful, just as visceral, as when it first happens."
存在的停滞状态；一种没有变化、没有成长的生存常态
"SR: And in turn, the chaos becomes the familiar. AH: Definitely, definitely. The chaos becomes the stasis of being."
（贬义）以浪漫、理想化的方式描绘（丑陋或痛苦的事物）；美化
"SR: It can be difficult to write about addiction without romanticizing it... AH: Early in my writing career, I did fall victim to that... I was afraid to dwell in the ugliness for a long time, and my defense mechanism was to use these beautiful images to lift the reader out of that, or to essentially romanticize it."
（不情愿地）滞留在灾难中；沉溺于混乱或不幸的状态
"It seemed like a parallel that runs throughout the collection: that both the speaker and the citizens of Florida are inclined to dwell in disaster rather than take on the arduous work of reckoning."
（在严肃语境中的）轻松、轻快；轻浮
"What I did end up doing was incorporating beauty and levity and love into the book, but where those things fit—[like in] the relationship between the speaker and her girlfriend before the addiction..."
（作为艺术或心理行为）直面、沉浸并描绘（事物）丑陋、不堪的一面
"I was afraid to dwell in the ugliness for a long time, and my defense mechanism was to use these beautiful images to lift the reader out of that, or to essentially romanticize it."
清算；对过去行为的反思和承担责任
"...that both the speaker and the citizens of Florida are inclined to dwell in disaster rather than take on the arduous work of reckoning."
（比喻）语言像按在淤青上的手指，带来既痛苦又确认的感觉
"Potted ferns decorated both our backgrounds as we talked over Zoom, her words pressed like fingers on a bruise: Painful, yes, but also a relief to be reminded that part of you is still there."
引诱，诱惑（尤指通过提供好处或令人愉悦的东西）
"In Arielle Hebert’s debut poetry collection Bottom Feeders, Florida lures you in with long summer nights, oversized t-shirts and damp bikinis, trips to Publix for champagne and orange juice."
无法满足的渴望；贪得无厌
"Although states apart, I could feel our shared insatiability for the place we both left behind."
（暗藏危险的）陷阱门；意想不到的、难以脱身的困境
"There’s a reason so many choose the Sunshine State for their vacations, but as Hebert points out, vacations here are quick to become trap doors: “A whole town of trap doors / and someone always lost / on the other side.”"
（尤指抽象事物如情绪、混乱等）减退、衰退、逐渐消失
"We treaded grief like water, / missed hurricanes in the off season, / when chaos ebbed enough / for us to see clearly, all the damage."
有罪；应受责备的程度；责任
"SR: The speaker implicates herself throughout the collection, perhaps most directly in “The Architect”... How do you write culpability without letting it tip into self-blame?"
（习语）在最艰苦、最前沿、最直接的斗争或工作前线
"And in a way, expressing that culpability helped me forgive myself a little bit and forgive her, forgive Florida, forgive our friend group. We were in the trenches together, and we weren’t each other’s keeper."
相互融合、交织，以至于难以分辨
"These two loves collapse into one another, becoming interchangeable objects of desire and destruction, the speaker too immersed in the damage to see a way out."
剥夺；失去（尤指财产、土地、身份或归属感）
"What looks like openness from one social position can look like dispossession from another."
源于外部的；外生的
"Its theory of the crisis, however, is entirely exogenous."
我的错；认错；道歉
"For such a mea culpa to matter, however, it cannot remain abstract."
放弃；摒弃；宣布抛弃（某种行为、信仰或权力）
"The first renunciation is endlessness."
（社会等级的）下降；降级；（常因经济或社会变迁导致的）失去原有社会地位
"It has to ask why the same order appeared to others as déclassement, abandonment, or humiliation."
源于内部的；内生的
"The second current is supply-side, and this one at least has a genuinely endogenous story."
（显著且值得关注的）差距、不平等
"Perhaps a small surplus of right-handers emerged early in hominin evolution because of the modified fighting hypothesis, and this fueled cultural norms that reinforced the genetic disparity over many thousands of years."
不可分割的、无法解开的（两个或多个事物本质上相互缠绕无法分离）
"But as I've followed the clues through developmental biology, genetics, evolution, and culture, I now see that our peculiar handedness is inextricable from our humanity."
致命的、导致死亡的（重点在严重后果）
"They found that people are stabbed significantly more often on their left sides, and these attacks are more often fatal."
假定、假设（作为论证或理论的基础前提提出）
"In 1996, psychologists proposed the 'fighting' hypothesis, which posits that left-handers persist at low levels in the population because, so long as they are relatively rare, they have an advantage in hand-to-hand combat; their opponents are likely to be unfamiliar with left-handed attacks."
差异、不一致、矛盾（在应该一致或可比较的事物之间出现的系统差别）
"Over many rounds of cell division, the imbalance could create a discrepancy between the left and right sides of the developing spinal cord."
微管蛋白（构成细胞微管基本结构的蛋白质）
"The big surprise is that most are tubulin genes, which form some of the structural components of cells."
（非正式）左撇子，尤其指惯用左手的运动员
"The more of these gene variants a person has, the more likely they are to be a southpaw."
（在此处作动词）塑造、雕刻式地改变（某物的形态或结构）
"Our hands sculpt asymmetry in our brains."
（肢体）胡乱挥舞、不受控制地甩动
"We start flailing one arm around much more than the other starting about 10 weeks post-conception, as a fishlike fetus the size of a kidney bean."
（生物医学语境下）为某种特定功能而'搭建'或'装配'（神经回路/生理结构）
"This asymmetric expression could rig up motor circuitry, such as an abundance of neurons with long, signal-carrying fibers, that leads to more involuntary movement on one side than the other."
（在此处作形容词）扩散的、分布广泛的、不集中的
"The genetic connection is more diffuse."
（方向、轨迹或趋势的）突然偏移、转向
"However, it doesn't account for why the right side wins nine times out of 10, or why there is the occasional veer to left."