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（在数量、力量或程度上）巨大的，惊人的，非凡的。
"His output was prodigious, and it had to be. That £500 a year had to come from somewhere."
在社会、政治和地理上从属的群体；尤指在殖民和后殖民语境下，那些在主流话语中没有发言权、被边缘化的群体。
"Thus too the beginnings of another, subaltern tradition, oral for most of its existence."
引号；在口语或行文中，指用以表示反讽、特殊含义或引述的语调和措辞。
"...he also knew that ‘to the bourgeois’ it was ‘coarse and low and common and loutish, a matter for laughter … to be quoted in vocal inverted commas’."
食糜的；在此比喻为混杂、半消化、未充分消化的（思想或文字）状态。
"It’s awful, chymous stuff, but Gibbon has at least registered atrocities that went unnoticed in most British novels in 1934."
呼唤；在马克思主义理论（阿尔都塞）中，指意识形态将个体“召唤”或“质询”为特定主体的过程。
"Much of it, as Sturgeon senses, has to do with ‘Scots words’, as instruments of interpellation really, especially when your heart is getting held and wrung by them at school."
（口语）带有性意味地偷看、窥视或过度关注；老不正经的行为。
"...as the (male) teacher ignored all the bits with abuse and perving, and ignored the word ‘incestuous’ when I put it in my essay..."
（情绪、问题等）逐渐恶化并令人痛苦；在心中郁积。
"...it continued, ‘festering away in a closet of her mind’, and it festered with me too..."
土耳其苏丹后宫中的女奴或妻妾；在西方艺术中，常指描绘在闺房中、姿态慵懒、具有异域风情的裸体或半裸体女性形象。
"Murray is right that Chris’s self-examination is also a display put on for the reader, a north-east of Scotland odalisque."
贪婪地读；如饥似渴地吸收（书籍、故事等）
"several issues of which I had recently picked up at a church jumble sale and devoured in a state of terrified fascination."
机智善变的；活泼易变的（形容性格多变、难以预测且通常很聪明）
"and their leader, Jupiter Jones, was smart and mercurial and overweight and bore more than a passing resemblance, it was often remarked, to a young Hitchcock, who made several comic appearances in the novels in the guise of the boys’ reluctant sponsor."
绝非仅仅相似；非常像（比一般的相似程度更深）
"and their leader, Jupiter Jones, was smart and mercurial and overweight and bore more than a passing resemblance, it was often remarked, to a young Hitchcock..."
（通常有收藏价值的）短期存在物品；一时的印刷品（如卡片、杂志、传单等）
"In the late 1960s, when I was consuming all this Hitchcock-related ephemera, the great director’s filmmaking career was in a slump from which it would never really recover."
以……的伪装；假扮成……
"who made several comic appearances in the novels in the guise of the boys’ reluctant sponsor."
做散工的；打零工的（按具体工作而非长期受雇的）
"He was the jobbing TV writer responsible for the monologues (‘host wraps’) that Hitchcock delivered in his comically lugubrious style..."
副业，兼职（非主要职业的活动）
"I would have been nine years old, and it must have come as quite a revelation to me that this enigmatic but ubiquitous celebrity had a sideline in filmmaking."
拐弯抹角的；曲折的；复杂的（指论证、过程或思路）
"It’s a rather tortuous argument, but there is no denying that Herrmann saw his score as expressing something quintessential about Hitchcock’s personality."
过分悲哀的；阴郁的；故作哀伤的（常带夸张或幽默意味）
"He was the jobbing TV writer responsible for the monologues (‘host wraps’) that Hitchcock delivered in his comically lugubrious style..."
丰饶角；大量，丰富（指某物繁多且多样）
"Stained-glass windowpanes salvaged from Gorhambury, Francis Bacon’s 17th-century Hertfordshire residence, feature a cornucopia of flora and fauna, including tobacco plants, parrots and Indigenous men from North America, alongside mythical reclining river gods – all in vividly translucent colours."
（尤指坏事或不受欢迎的事物）普遍的，盛行的，充满的
"Accordingly, ‘the anxiety over fake beavers, and the accompanying humiliation of being duped, was rife in early Stuart literature.’"
被伪装，被掩饰；此处指画中的场景被“栩栩如生”地表现或模拟出来
"...where ‘all the Fables of Ovid’s Metamorphoses are so naturally and lively dissembled’ that it had seemed as ‘if art went beyond itself’."
精心打扮，装饰（带有贬义，指过度、琐碎的装扮）
"In 1620, a royal chaplain, John Williams, preached ‘A Sermon of Apparel’ before the king, outraged that ‘the Indians (the remotest people of the world) must be continually busied to trick up and trim’ fashion-conscious Englishmen."
服装的，裁缝的（尤指雅致或剪裁考究的服装）
"A Jacobean gentleman’s sartorial demands kept inhabitants of the Americas engaged ‘in spinning of their trees for silk to apparel him...’"
反向旅行记述；一种叙事角度，即不讲述本地人去往异国，而是讲述异国事物、文化与人物如何来到本地并被本地吸收
"But that is Working’s point. A Golden World is ‘a travel account in reverse’: it ‘traces the tangible imprints that Indigenous peoples across the Americas made on Tudor and Stuart society’."
严厉谴责，强烈抨击（尤指用语言）
"While Williams fulminated about Jacobean women appearing at Sunday church services ‘chimera-like: half-male, and half-female’, he was out-harangued by the Puritan William Prynne..."
将……边缘化，使……处于不重要或被遗忘的地位
"A Golden World takes a ‘material turn’ to try to find ‘a way of relishing the gilded prose and exuberant drama of Renaissance culture without relegating the history of colonialism and the Indigenous presence to the shadows’."
镀金的；此处为比喻义：华而不实的，外表富丽堂皇的
"A Golden World takes a ‘material turn’ to try to find ‘a way of relishing the gilded prose and exuberant drama of Renaissance culture without relegating the history of colonialism and the Indigenous presence to the shadows’."
借来的羽毛的鸟；比喻盗取他人荣誉、作品或才能来粉饰自己的人（源自伊索寓言）
"Mindful of the ancient Greek fable about ‘the bird in borrowed feathers’, Robert Greene dismissed William Shakespeare in 1592 as that ‘upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers’..."
严厉批评，痛斥；字面义指“剥掉……的皮”
"In a 63-page tract, The Unlovelinesse of Lovelocks (1628), Prynne excoriated Englishmen for becoming ‘Womanish, Sinful and Unmanly, Crisping, Curling, Frouncing, Powdring, and nourishing of their lockes and Hairie excrements’."
微观潮流的反复无常；指那些持续时间极短、影响范围小的流行趋势
"In the Jacobean era, since North American beaver hats formed ‘an important part of a citizen’s silhouette’, they were ‘subject to the whims of microtrends’ and continually ‘amended, reworked or traded in’."
作为……的缩影，集中体现
"Das... sees the Tanfield memorial as epitomising ‘the familial structures that underpinned the nation’s imagined stability, a shrine to lineage and piety’."
指纹；此处为比喻义，指明显的痕迹、证据或影响
"Das sees the Harman monument as ‘a revelation of global contact leaving its fingerprints in the hidden corners of everyday English life’..."
生存与抵抗（源于生存）的概念，强调原住民不仅活下来了，而且是在积极抵抗同化、压制和边缘化的过程中，保持并重新定义了自己的文化身份
"To see what stories about American material culture might ‘look like when Indigenous voices are brought in’, Working invokes the notion of ‘survivance’ articulated by the Anishinaabe writer Gerald Vizenor."
否认，拒绝接受；唾弃，与……断绝关系
"Das, however, is also interested in another monument in the same church: that of Lawrence Tanfield, his wife, Elizabeth Symondes, and ‘at the other end of the tomb, facing away from the rest of the family’ their disowned daughter, Elizabeth Tanfield Cary, viscountess Falkland."
坩埚；此处为比喻义：严峻的考验，熔炉般的冲突，或（如本句）孕育和塑造新事物的地方
"...where Felipa Flowers, a ‘trickster-poacher’, visits Inigo Jones’s Banqueting House at Whitehall – described by Working as ‘the crucible where ideas of Englishness and global power could be projected as benign, magnificent, harmonious’."
(此处) 低声回应；被忽略或沉默的群体，通过他们的遗物（物质文化）向我们诉说他们的故事
"...Working emphasises the testimonial capacities of objects, as ‘the threads of baskets and garments allow the stories of those gathered women to whisper back.’"
假货，伪造品（葡萄牙语借词）；在历史语境中特指经过人工干预（如tapirage）的羽毛制品被称作‘假的’或‘仿冒的’
"Among 16th-century contemporaries, tapirage was also termed contrafeito: counterfeiting."
奴隶状态，奴役；束缚
"Obsessed by hairstyle, the country’s gentry seemed ‘in dayly thraldom, and perpetual bondage to their curling Irons, which are as so many chaines and fetters to their Heads’."
被扣押的，被没收的
"...if ‘its burnished surface flashed in the light,’ she imagines Raleigh himself recalling ‘the sun hitting the Orinoco Delta. Glimmering, diamond-bright, like some truth that lay ever beyond human understanding.’"
模仿的，模拟的；此处指通过模仿（如鸟类形态或声音）来达到某种仪式或社会目的
"...with Tupi featherworking techniques potentially serving a mimetic function in ceremonies associated with avian identification."
哀诉，悲叹；痛斥时弊的长篇抨击性演说或文章
"But James’s jeremiad came too late. Another pamphleteer quoted by Working recognised simply that ‘Men like and love this smokie kind of life.’"
启示，揭示；惊人的新发现
"Das sees the Harman monument as ‘a revelation of global contact leaving its fingerprints in the hidden corners of everyday English life’..."
消灭，彻底抹除（痕迹或记忆）
"Words and phrases, like precious metals, ‘could be melted, spun and twisted’, resisting obliteration."
耗尽镀金法；一种古代金属加工工艺，通过腐蚀掉铜金合金（tumbaga）表面的贱金属（如铜），使表面呈现纯金的外观
"Working also explains skills of artisanal craftsmanship such as the centuries-old process of depletion gilding, whereby Indigenous metallurgists gave objects fashioned from a copper-and-gold alloy, known as tumbaga, the appearance of pure gold by using plant extracts or mineral salts to remove base metals from the alloy’s surface."
（像变魔术般）使呈现于脑际，唤起（想象、回忆等）
"...these objects transmit stories of care, desire, capitalist extraction and endurance beyond anything even Ovid could have conjured up."
彩虹色，闪光色（随着观察角度变化而变化的斑斓色彩）
"The ‘incredible iridescence’ of American feathered headdresses, artworks, shields and wall hangings attracted Jacobean collectors too."
柔韧性；可塑性；此处为比喻义：思想、语言或材料所具有的易于被塑造、改变和适应的特质
"Working is a literary scholar and appreciates, for example, the parallel pliability of poetry and metallurgy. Words and phrases, like precious metals, ‘could be melted, spun and twisted’, resisting obliteration."
tapirage (羽毛/羽毛着色变性术)；一种原住民技术，通过从活鸟身上拔掉羽毛并用色素制剂涂抹其皮肤，促使新长出的羽毛呈现不同颜色
"South American parrots and macaws were also subjected to human intervention in a colour modification process known as tapirage..."
微观历史（学）；一种历史研究视角，专注于特定、局部的历史事件或人物，以揭示更大的历史图景
"While Working focuses on the influence of American material culture in early modern England, Das’s book comprises microhistories of Elizabethan and Jacobean migrants as they moved across the globe, juxtaposed with the lived experiences of new arrivals to England."
转变；变形；使……发生本质性的变化
"Give us a little preview of how those ideas then change and transmute later on."
副现象；附带现象（指由真实原因产生，但本身对原因不产生因果作用的现象）
"Sure, as an epiphenomenon of all of that, they came up with justifications—at the beginning, when it was enough to just enslave people who were not Christian, they said this is all about Christians and non-Christians."