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命运攸关的；具有决定性影响的（此处描述杜尚“选择了它”这一声明的历史意义）
"‘he CHOSE it’ – a fateful declaration in 20th-century culture."
剽窃；抄袭（杜尚被指责将工业成品当作艺术品提交是“抄袭”了制造商的劳动成果）
"Accused of plagiarism, Duchamp responded, in third-person disguise, that the urinal was art because ‘he CHOSE it’"
旋转；转动（此处指杜尚将小便池从正常使用方向旋转90度作为艺术呈现）
"Duchamp bought a urinal in a shop, signed it with the pseudonym ‘R. Mutt’, rotated it through ninety degrees and placed it on a pedestal as an artwork"
笔名；假名（此处指杜尚在小便池上签名用的虚构名字R. Mutt）
"Duchamp bought a urinal in a shop, signed it with the pseudonym ‘R. Mutt’, rotated it through ninety degrees and placed it on a pedestal as an artwork"
底座；基座（用于放置雕塑等艺术品，在此特指将小便池像传统雕塑一样放置以赋予其艺术地位）
"Duchamp bought a urinal in a shop, signed it with the pseudonym ‘R. Mutt’, rotated it through ninety degrees and placed it on a pedestal as an artwork"
名声不好的；因负面原因而众所周知的（这里描述杜尚最著名的现成品《泉》）
"His most notorious readymade, Fountain, appeared in 1917 at a show staged by the Society of Independent Artists"
臭名昭著；因负面原因而出名（但有时也用于中性语境，仅指广为人知）
"Both the notoriety and this way of thinking served him well when he sailed to New York in 1915 for an extended stay."
因丑闻/争议而获得的成功（一件作品因引发公愤或争议反而声名大噪）
"Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2) was the succès de scandale of the exhibition."
大脑的；理性的；智识性的（在艺术语境中指偏重观念而非感官的作品）
"he was primarily an ideas man. In this respect his first invention was the readymade, an everyday commodity presented as an artwork;"
插图性的；偏重叙述解说而非形式探索的（艺术批评用语，指绘画服务于故事讲述而非纯粹视觉分析）
"his wan Cubism is more illustrational, in the manner of Roger de La Fresnaye, than analytical as in Picasso and Braque."
苍白的；无力的；缺乏生气的（此处指杜尚的立体主义风格缺乏力度和原创性）
"his wan Cubism is more illustrational, in the manner of Roger de La Fresnaye, than analytical as in Picasso and Braque."
不美的；令人不悦的（比ugly语气更含蓄而否定性更强）
"the first gallery, dotted with splotchy landscapes and unlovely nudes in the manner of Monet and Degas, makes clear."
有污点的；颜色不均的（形容杜尚早期画作技法拙劣、笔触混乱）
"the first gallery, dotted with splotchy landscapes and unlovely nudes in the manner of Monet and Degas, makes clear."
提交参选的作品（此处指杜尚为参展而提交的画作）
"he renounced painting when his colleagues refused his submission, the Cubo-Futurist Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2) (1912), to the Salon des Indépendants in Paris."
正式放弃（某个信念、身份或活动，此处指杜尚放弃绘画）
"In the usual accounts, for instance, he renounced painting when his colleagues refused his submission"
观看者；亲身体验艺术作品的人（尤指主动参与意义建构的观众）
"his own emphasis, in a talk in 1957 about ‘the creative act’ of the beholder, on the importance of reception in the fate of any artwork."
（以屈尊俯就的态度）对待他人（此处指策展人没有因为观众可能不熟悉杜尚而降低讲解水平）
"the three curators … don’t condescend to them: the wall texts are straightforward."
短期使用的印刷品或物品（如传单、票根、说明书等，原本设计为用完即弃，但成为后世研究的重要材料）
"along with many vitrines filled with facsimiles, notes, documents and ephemera of all sorts"
精确复制品（此处指杜尚作品的仿制版本，包含微缩模型和复制图文）
"the entire sixth floor is given over to three hundred or so works, along with many vitrines filled with facsimiles, notes, documents and ephemera of all sorts"
玻璃陈列柜（常用于博物馆展示珍贵或脆弱物品）
"the entire sixth floor is given over to three hundred or so works, along with many vitrines filled with facsimiles, notes, documents and ephemera of all sorts"
现成品（杜尚艺术概念：将批量生产的日常物品直接定义为艺术品，颠覆传统美学）
"we see endless variations on his old theme of the readymade object."
无所不在的，普遍存在的（特指杜尚的艺术概念在艺术界的泛滥）
"More than fifty years later he is still ubiquitous: we see endless variations on his old theme of the readymade object."
短暂的，转瞬即逝的
"The bloom of desert flowers is notoriously ephemeral, a brief explosion of color after the rain."
（某种活动或生活方式所需的）装备，配备
"The rebel fighter posed for photos, his weapon slung over his shoulder alongside his other nomadic accoutrements."
（在此语境中）呈现弧形、呈拱形
"The country's elites have failed to develop an arching vision for post-oil society."
（比喻）衰败的，瓦解的，崩溃的
"He described a crumbling oasis society, divided by class and ethnic tensions."
（被）诽谤，中伤，诋毁
"Scheele is tired of seeing her people traduced by outsiders who know nothing of their way of life."
（比喻）困境，泥沼般的复杂或棘手局面
"The peace talks became a moral morass, with neither side willing to compromise on core principles."
（华丽的）全套装备，宏伟的陈列
"The evening sky offered a panoply of stars, a breathtaking sight."
复兴的，重新崛起的，重获活力的
"The region is grappling with a resurgent form of the disease, once thought to be nearly eradicated."
幻想的，虚构的，不可能的
"Early geographers populated the desert with chimeric beings, a mixture of human and animal features."
不动感情的，木讷的，无动于衷的
"The old guard stood stolid and silent as the new generation took over."
（常指群体内部）自相残杀的，两败俱伤的
"The region has been torn apart by internecine conflicts that are far more damaging than any external threat."
（比喻）大混战，极度混乱的状态
"The country's elites have failed to develop an arching vision for post-oil society, leaving it vulnerable to the maelstrom of global energy politics."
（在此语境中）遭受摧残的、被命运毁坏的（指人），带有无法逃脱的诅咒感
"'She is also 'one of the blighted': an escapee from the orphanage run by the priest...'"
（英国北部尤指湖区）开阔的高地荒野、荒原
"'The priest sets off across the Cumbrian fells in pursuit of a young mute woman called Bulmer...'"
（爱尔兰）私酿的烈性威士忌，常指非法酿造的、未经政府注册的烈酒
"'Gadgies speak in accents 'as thick and bitter as valley's poteen'...'"
（在此语境中）对某种风格或方言的刻意模仿，常带有戏仿或拼凑的意味
"'...a fizzing, Romani-inflected vernacular seasoned with Yorkshire idioms that don't succumb to pastiche.'"
（英国北部方言）人、家伙，尤指工人阶级或吉普赛社群中的男性
"'Gadgies speak in accents 'as thick and bitter as valley's poteen'...'"
（在此语境中）像水槽一样低洼、下陷的地形
"'...surrounded by 'valleys and fields and peaks and sedimentary landslides … blackened peaks and misty troughs'.'"
过度精致、甜美而显得做作或俗气
"'...his most recent novel, a relatively gentle affair (harsh critics might call it twee)...'"
（在此语境中）流畅的、快速的、刻意练习过的专业言辞或表演说辞
"'...the patter of a fire and brimstone sermon mixed with a choose-your-own-adventure story.'"
长篇激烈地训斥或质问（某人）
"'Most of the Kinski sections are written in a haranguing second-person voice...'"
（常被误用为'丰富/慷慨'，但严格意义上指）过分恭维的、令人反感的虚伪赞美
"'...you might conclude that he's not a very attentive one because he misuses 'disinterested' and 'fulsome'...'"
公正无私的、不偏不倚的（注：作者指出角色误用了此词，很多人混淆了与'uninterested'的区别）
"'...you might conclude that he's not a very attentive one because he misuses 'disinterested' and 'fulsome'...'"
被害妄想症：个体系统性地误认为自己被他人或群体迫害的心理状态
"'You could also call it a persecution complex.'"
（诗的）节、段
"'The stanzas in Kinski's imagined sermon open with hortatory imperatives...'"
过分感伤的、无病呻吟的，令人反感的虚假情感
"'...and makes mawkish statements like 'books are just paper, but they contain within them revolutions.''"
（英国历史）约克郡等地区的行政分区，相当于其他地区的'百户区'
"'...whose surnames 'were as much a part of the terrain as the boundary marker stones that mapped the moors and fractioned their tight territories from the days of the old wapentake'.'"
（一群）衣着褴褛的、组织散漫的、成分混杂的人
"'His raggle-taggle band is made up of 'poor men, proud men' with nicknames like Young Frosty and Mad Blood...'"